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1

Sprawozdanie Tymczasowego Zarządu Miejskiego w Grudziądzu za okres 09.03– 15.05.1945 roku

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Schoenwald D.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2021
|
vol. 29
145-153
EN
Zbigniew Zawadzki, a well-known and respected collector of souvenirs related to Grudziądz, died in 2017. Among the many original items, an interesting report for the two post-war months from 1945 by the Provisional Municipal Administration in Grudziądz was placed in the collection of Fr. dr Władysław Łęga Museum in Grudziądz. Unfortunately, the original document has not been found so far. However, its content is so interesting that it is worth quoting it in full, especially taking into consideration the fact that the historical literature from this period concerning Grudziądz is scarce. The report, signed by the provisional president of Grudziądz, Franciszek Mówiński, is composed of 7 pages. Many very interesting economic and historical aspects for the period March 9–May 15, 1945 were shortly desribed in fourteen points, which is shortly after the Red Army conquered the town in the battle with the German army, which signed the capitulation act on March 6 that year. What deserves attention among the information contained in the report is, among others, the description of the state of the industry, trade, communication, education, public-benefit units and the town hall in ruined Grudziądz. The political aspects are also very interesting, as they contain the information on the Town Authorities’ arrival to the town, and the formation of the bureaucratic and political party apparatus. The report is additionally supplemented with marginal notes, added chronologically until 1946, in which the dates of particular activities of the Municipal Administration were given, regarding the launching respective schools, public-benefit buildings or public transport. Even though the document is brief, it deserves special attention due to the low interest in the post-war period in Grudziądz, especially after the fall of communism.
2

Nieznane plany Grudziądza z XVII wieku w zbiorach szwedzkich

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Schoenwald D.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2020
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vol. 28
163-176
EN
During the „Swedish invasion” from 1655–1660, the turmoil of war also affected Grudziądz. The Swedish army conquered the city in December 1655 and occupied it until August 1659. For some time, the castle was even the headquarters of King Charles X Gustav. During those few years, about ten plans, maps and sketches of Grudziądz were created, made by E. Dahlberg, G. Gorgas and A. Loffmann in 1656. Six of them, never presented in literature, are included in this article. Currently they are in the collection of the National Archives of Sweden – Riksarkiviet. They were supposed to glorify Swedish gains during the war with Poland (city views) and were a valuable cartographic source for planned fortification projects in the event of defense against the Polish army. Three engravings with a view of the city refer directly to the previously known plan of the siege of Grudziądz by the Swedes, published in the Pufendorf atlas in 1696. Two of them deserve special attention because they depict the city on one sheet (top view, bottom plan). The next three city plans refer to the latest chronologically (1657) plans of A. Loffmann. Although the first of them is not signed, the nature of the letter allows us to suppose that it was created by e. Dahlberg, the same, who authored another plan of 1656. The last one included in the article is the Gorgas plan, so far known only from the description. Gorgas was also the creator of the next plan of 1657, which is available online. Therefore, the source base regarding the cartography of Grudziądz from 1656–1657 is rich and supposedly the following years will bring about more discoveries in the Swedish archives.
3

Wizyty prezydenta Stanisława Wojciechowskiego w Grudziądzu w latach 1924–1925

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Schoenwald D.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2019
|
vol. 27
101-121
EN
In 1920, under the Treaty of Versailles, Grudziądz became part of the Polish state. The city did not suffer as a result of military operations; on the contrary, its industry was strongly developed. For these reasons, from the very beginning Grudziądz aspired to the role of an important economic and political centre in newly created Pomeranian Voivodeship. The city authorities headed by J. Włodek intended to strengthen their position by sending numerous invitations to prominent figures of Polish politics. Józef Piłsudski visited the city in 1921. Responding to an invitation, President Stanisław Wojciechowski visited Grudziądz twice during his term, on 23 and 24th of June 1924 and on 26 of June 1925. The first visit was aimed at showing demographic changes in the city, which was repolonized in a very short time. Moreover, the municipal authorities wanted their city to play a more important role, keeping in mind nearby “rival” cities of Bydgoszcz and Toruń. Wojciechowski’s two-day visit went without major complications. The members of the delegation had a walk around the city and visited several buildings: the town hall, selected industrial plants, schools, cultural institutions, military barracks, printing houses and retail outlets. A year later, Wojciechowski agreed to a pay another visit. This time, it was organized on the occasion of the First Pomeranian Exhibition of Agriculture and Industry in Grudziądz on June 26th–July 12th, 1925. The schedule was practically limited to the service in the parish church and the visit at the Exhibition Square on Hallera street. The President also visited additional shows associated with the Exhibition – Machine Building School (vocational education, culture, folk industry), Elementary School on Narutowicza street (craft) and the museum (art). The day ended with the visit to the “Tivoli” theatre and restaurant, where a farewell party was held. Wojciechowski was enthusiastically welcomed by representatives of trade, culture, military authorities, workers, and above all, residents of the city and district. Especially the second visit received wide coverage in Poland, presenting Grudziądz as an organisationally, culturally and industrially developed city.
4

Zaginiona księga ławnicza z lat 1480–1506 źródłem wiedzy o późnośredniowiecznym Grudziądzu

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Schoenwald D.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2016
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vol. 24
103-113
EN
In 1872 an archivist from Grudziądz, Xaver Froelich, wrote an article for a German magazine, “Altpreussische Monatsschift”, in which he described the oldest preserved book of the Grudziądz magisterial court of 1480–1506. The article was entitled „Das älteste Schöppenbuch des Graudenzer Archiv‘s“. The author presented not only the appearance of the book, including the information that it contained 66 pages of small format (folio), but also described its text, indicating that the pages comprising the period 1487–1497 were missing. The article itself is arranged thematically, divided into chapters and sections (14), and each of these parts is arranged chronologically. The chapters have individual titles and include many interesting information on Grudziądz and the surrounding area, as well as Grudziądz citizens and dignitaries. As such, the article is the source to the demography, architecture, church relationships and financial issues of Grudziądz in the late Middle Ages. One of the most important and interesting chapters is dedicated to Grudziądz streets and buildings; due to this we can assume that medieval Grudziądz had two market squares. The older one, situated near modern Plac Miłośników Astronomii and ul. Starorynkowa, had once probably been a trade settlement or early (dating back to the 13th c.) municipal foundation. Whereas the author of the article devoted ample space to describe Grudziądz population and buildings, the financial issues, such as value of agricultural products, debts and rents, are hardly mentioned. To sum up, Xawer Froelich’s article is quite patchy and chaotic. Probably some information included in the article are merely interpretations and conclusions drawn by the author. Nevertheless, it is a precious source to the history of Grudziądz especially considering that the number of historical sources dating back to 1480–1506 is very limited.
5

Plany architektoniczne zespołu poklasztornego benedyktynek w Grudziądzu z lat 1836-1839

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Schoenwald D.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2015
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vol. 23
99-110
EN
In 1839 the Prussian authorities ordered the Benedictine nuns to leave the territory of the monastery in Grudziądz, in order to found the teachers’ school and professional school. Few year earlier, in 1833, the military authorities took over the church of the Holy Spirit to create a garrison church there. The acquisition of the monastery complex associated with the redevelopment of all buildings, adjusting them to new functions. The construction works in 1836–1839 were assigned to G. Müller, an architect, while the former church of the Holy Spirit to a lieutenant Siehr. In the collection of Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin there are eight plans of the former monastery complex of Benedictine nuns and adjoining church, due to which we can reproduce the scope of the construction works. Within the most important tasks concerning the adaptation of buildings there was the conversion of monastic cells into bedrooms with social facilities for seminary students and teachers. Moreover, the utility buildings of the complex (a brewery and stable) were also rebuilt, which resulted in demolition of the tower that had been situated in the southern part of the defensive walls. The passages linking the monastery and church were liquidated, and in the latter the matroneum was built. The plans presented in the article are a valuable source of knowledge of the spatial layout of the monastery and the changes associated with establishment of the teachers’ school, especially considering the fact that in 1945 the buildings were heavily damaged. When the complex was rebuilt in the ‚50s of the 20th century, it was devoid of its historical features since it was supposed to function as a Museum.
6

Znaczne wystawy gospodarcze w Grudziądzu w okresie pruskim

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Schoenwald D.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
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2018
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vol. 26
171-202
EN
In the second half of the 19th c., Grudziądz was substantially transformed in terms of trade and industry; as a result, the city developed at a very fast pace. The emerging industrial plants quickly caused an increase in the activity of the municipality and entrepreneurs regarding the organisation of economic exhibitions, very popular at that time. The first such an exhibition in Grudziądz was organized in 1872 at the territory of Schulz’s sawmill and brickyard at modern Chełmińska Street. The second one (1885) and the third – and last – one (1896) were organized in Tivoli restaurant and the adjoining territory at modern Legionów Street. The exhibitors from West Prussia and from all over Germany attended the exhibitions to present their products, as the events were a great opportunity to present industrial and craft products as well as technological innovations, awarded by the juries with medals and diploms. The last of the organized exhibitions in 1896 brought a large deficit, which caused the withdrawal of the municipality and local entrepreneurs from the organization of further major exhibitions. The evidence of the splendor of Grudziądz at that time is the tram line existing to this day, specially built for the needs of the industrial exhibition in 1896.
7

Pierwsza lokacja Muzeum w Grudziądzu w świetle źródeł archiwalnych

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Schoenwald D.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2015
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vol. 23
205-210
EN
In 2014 the Museum in Grudziądz celebrated its 130 anniversary. The main attraction of celebrations was the opening of the temporary exibition in the Main Building entitled „Tajemnice klasztoru benedyktynek” („The mysteries of the monastery of Benedictine nuns”), which was accompanied by the publication. During the query that was conducted in order to prepare the publication, there were gathered some new data that shed light on the first location of Museum, founded in the period of the Prussian authority. It proves that for the past 53 years (since 1961 to 2014) the location was mistakenly indicated. It was believed that Museum was based in currently non-existing, destructed in 1945, cloister wing of the Palace of Abottess at Klasztorna 4. The founder of the first Museum in Grudziądz, which was succeeded by Rev. Dr Władysław Łęga Museum in Grudziądz, was the Society of Antiquities in Grudziądz (Graudenzer Altertums-Gesellschaft). The founding meeting took place in the hotel „Pod Złotym Lwem” (Goldenen Löwen) on November 24, 1883. Probably from the very beginning the founders of the Society, led by headmaster of Royal Gymnasium – Siegfried Anger – wanted to establish a Museum for the townspeople. Due to the lack of building, which would accommodate the Museum’s collections, The Society asked the town magistrate to help finding a suitable location. Soon after that, on January 4, 1884, the town magistrate submitted a letter granting the Society with a building at Klasztorna 5 (Nonnenstrasse 5) which was supposed to serve as a Museum building. Additionally, the Society received 100 marks.
8

Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Saeculum Aureum Civitatis Graudensis. Rola Grudziądza oraz jego okolic w Prusach Królewskich i I Rzeczpospolitej w XVI wieku”

100%
Schoenwald D.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2021
|
vol. 29
325-331
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