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EXPERTS USE COMPENSATORY STRATEGIES MORE OFTEN THAN NOVICES IN HIRING DECISIONS

100%
Hanák R., Sirota M., Juanchich M.
Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 55
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issue 4
251 – 263
EN
Previous research focusing on decision making has reported that most novices use an extensive set of cues in a compensatory way to make their decisions (i.e., compensatory strategies), whereas most experts use a limited set of relevant cues in a non-compensatory way (i.e., non-compensatory strategies). We tested the generalizability of these conclusions in a personnel selection context with students as novices and recruiters as experts. In a realistic setting, we investigated the effect of expertise on a subjective and an objective measure of decision making strategies. Results showed that, in contrast with previous research, both novices and experts mostly used compensatory strategies and that experts used them more often than novices. Further, consistently with previous research, experts allocated more importance than novices to cues predicting future job performance. We discussed theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
2

SLOVAK VALIDATION OF THE BASIC EMPATHY SCALE IN PRE-ADOLESCENTS

100%
Čavojová V., Sirota M., Belovičová Z.
Studia Psychologica
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2012
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vol. 54
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issue 3
195 - 208
EN
The paper focuses on analysing speech acts in the process of formulating requests in the ‘category width’ cognitive style in a foreign language and native language. We particularly focus on identifying the relation between politeness factors used by broad, medium broad and narrow categorizers in using speech acts of request in a foreign language and native language. Politeness factors are divided into social factors: attention getters, the listener’s (direct formulation of requests) and speaker’s perspective (indirect formulation of requests) and expressive factors: pre-sequences, post-sequences, mitigating devices and minimizers. Our research was carried out on a sample of university students of English, German and Spanish. It is remarkable that narrow categorizers use politeness factors on a larger scale in foreign language than in their native language and broad categorizers use politeness factors more extensively in their native language. Additional research results are discussed in the present paper.
3

MINDREADING AND EMPATHY AS PREDICTORS OF PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

100%
Čavojová V., Belovičová Z., Sirota M.
Studia Psychologica
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2011
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vol. 53
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issue 4
351 – 362
EN
Social understanding is usually conceptualized as consisting of understanding emotions (i.e., empathy) and understanding the other’s mental states (i.e., theory of mind or mindreading). Both these aspects of social understanding are hypothesized to be related to pro-social orientation. Therefore, the purpose of the presented study is to examine whether theory of mind or empathy is the stronger predictor of pro-social orientation. As a secondary aim, the authors also explored the question of gender differences as an important differentiating factor in both theory of mind and empathy. 197 preadolescents aged 11 to 15 participated in the study. Participants filled out two tests of theory of mind skills, three empathy questionnaires and the pro-social orientation was determined by peer-nominated questionnaire. The results corroborated the idea that the higher the social understanding, the higher the pro-social orientation. Moreover, theory of mind predicted pro-social behaviour better than empathy. Girls outperformed boys in both empathy and mindreading measures. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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