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SOCIALIST EGALITARIAN POLICIES AND EDUCATION INEQUALITY IN CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II

100%
Kreidl M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2006
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vol. 38
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issue 3
199 – 220
EN
This paper investigates the effect of ‘Communist Affirmative Action’ on inequality in access to secondary and post-secondary education in five former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe between 1948 and 1989. The author argues that earlier research failed to identify any periods of reduced inequality in former socialist countries because it employed inadequate definitions of both the dependent and independent variables. He corrects these inaccuracies and he investigates data from the ‘Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989’ survey. The author is indeed able to document that inequality in access to education declined during the periods of the most extreme Communism in the early 1950s and, in some countries, also during the early 1970s.
2
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Socioeconomic Inequalities in Birth and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2007: An Exploration of Trends

63%
Štípková M., Kreidl M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 3
531-565
EN
This article explores the impact of the post-socialist transformation of Czech society on the health of newborns from different socioeconomic groups. The authors used six different measures of child health—various constructs based on birth weight, length of gestation, and vitality—as dependent variables and the mother’s educational attainment as the key predictor. They used birth certificate data on all singleton births in 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007 (N=912 591). They estimated a series of random-intercept multi-level models and report the observed trends in health inequality by maternal education. The analysis consistently and persistently showed large gaps in health between children born to mothers with elementary education on the one hand and all other children on the other hand. While the trends are not entirely congruent across all measures of child health, the authors found more evidence of growing inequality than of declining or stable inequality. Inequality grew most in the 1990s and then stabilised or even declined. They offer two tentative explanations for observed growth in inequality: the selective adjustment hypothesis and the selective childlessness hypothesis.
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