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Ożywienie działalności i rozbudowa struktur organizacyjnych Krakowskiej Kongregacji Kupieckiej w latach 1923−1939

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Kawalla I.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2009

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vol. 8

111-127

PL

Regaining independence by Poland was the moment of reviving the Krakow Merchant Congregation, which thus began to care actively for the interests of the merchantry. To ensure advantageous conditions for the development of commerce, new directions of activity of the organization had to be indicated, basing on the legal regulations. The 1923 statute regulatedthe functioning of the guild, determined its range of activity and goals, as well as means to achieve them. It listed the laws and duties of members, as well as the principles of obtainingand losing the membership. It assigned the authorities and the range of their activity. It also determined the methods of solving disagreements between merchants, and between apprentices.It specified the ownership matters and money management even in case of dissolving the organization. The Congregation valued most highly its members, defended them againstthe authorities, attended them in obtaining concessions, and tried to improve their situation.Branch sections were created in order to understand better the problems of particular merchants, and to work more efficiently. It is also remarkable how organizational work was conducted, e.g. setting up and strengthening provincial departments, which involved tedious reorganization and adaptation to the changing law, especially in the last period of activity of the Congregation. The results of its work were a sign of its energetic and dynamic development, and it was becoming more powerful every year.

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Barbara Zbroja, Konrad Myślik, Nieznany portret Krakowa , Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2010, 320 ss.

100%

Kawalla I.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2011

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vol. 10

135-139

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Szkolmictwo handlowe w Krakowie w latach 1918-1939.

100%

Kawalla I.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2013

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vol. 15

143-161

PL

Traditions of trade education in Krakow date back to the 19th century. The interwar period was characterized by a resilient development of trade education. Established were institutions that offered a dsiversified level and program of education. A higher education facility, secondary schools, lower secondary schools as well as lower and supplementary schools functioned. Organized were courses and trainings. educational institutions and economic organiizations conducted a livery lecture activity. Both Christian and Jewish merchant circles were involved in the process of vocational education.

4

Aprowizacja mieszkańców Krakowa w latach gospodarki wojennej i powojennej inflacji (1918-1923).

100%

Kawalla I.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2013

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vol. 14

267-278

PL

After regaining indepedence, situation of the citizens of Cracow was frequently more difficult than during the war. Provisioning problems were caused by the ongoing fights and immense devastation. The authorities did their best to ensure efficient and all-encompassing. Unfortunately, the central government often left Cracow stranded. The mayor constantly asked for ratrions bit incomplete, deficient loads reached Cracow. The city struggled with financial problems and the government refused granting credits. People fought with profiteers who took advantage of market shortages and ran usurious businesses. Pepole were disappointed with a bad policy of the government that could not handle provisioning problems. If is difficult to make an unbiased eveluation when analyzing the issue. The situation was critical. Contrary to the opnion of people, the authorities did everything they could to provision the inhabitants of Cracow. It was manifested by the activites of the City Provisioning compamy as well as of the provisioning Offioce that bought products necessary for the inhabitants. The authorities opened shops for poor and ensured cheap bread and fuel. They also tried to influence the situation in the city by means of legislative procedures. Transportation of commody in short supply was prohibited. According to the inhabitans of Cracow, the hepl was insufficient. Dissatisfaction was manifested by more and more frequent eebellions and strikes. Queues in front of shops were changing into noisy manifestations, riots were taking place. Frequently, their course was dramatic as during the riots in November 1923.

5

Działalność Krakowskiej Kongregacji Kupieckiej w latach 1918−1939 w świetle rocznych materiałów sprawozdawczych

100%

Kawalla I.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2010

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vol. 9

41-55

PL

The Krakow Merchant Congregation entered an intense stage of development when Poland regained independence. It acted energetically and dynamically, but first of all – it acted on many levels. The organization focused on interventional activities in the cases when merchants’ well-being was endangered, on opinion-making and representing merchants before the authorities. It cooperated with state and self-government authorities, and with economic institutions. In the largest degree, it cooperated with the Krakow Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and with the Krakow Merchants’ Association. The Guild offered its embers tax counselling, accountancy assistance, and financial support in the form of loans. It especially cared for the intellectual and moral development of the youth, perceiving them as the future of strong merchantry. It paid great attention to the development of vocational chooling. Following the centuries-long tradition, it was involved in philanthropy, offering its support to the poorest. It also allocated considerable sums for national actions and the renovation of Krakow architectural monuments. The organization cared for merchants of particular specializations by establishing trade sections. It also undertook a large-scale task of establishing its branches outside Krakow.

6

Profesor Jerzy Gołębiowski w moich wspomnieniach.

75%

Kawalla I.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2011

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vol. 10

190-192

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Ożywienie działalności i rozbudowa struktur organizacyjnych Krakowskiej Kongregacji Kupieckiej w latach 1923−1939

Barbara Zbroja, Konrad Myślik, Nieznany portret Krakowa , Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2010, 320 ss.

Szkolmictwo handlowe w Krakowie w latach 1918-1939.

Aprowizacja mieszkańców Krakowa w latach gospodarki wojennej i powojennej inflacji (1918-1923).

Działalność Krakowskiej Kongregacji Kupieckiej w latach 1918−1939 w świetle rocznych materiałów sprawozdawczych

Profesor Jerzy Gołębiowski w moich wspomnieniach.