Community self–reliance, which is guaranteed in article 165 of the Polish Constitution of 2 April 1997, does not preclude judicial review in relation to the resolutions of the municipal council, which is made in relation to the determination of land use and ways of its development in the zoning plan. The possibility of such control gives the complaint, which must be filed under article 110 of the Act of the Local Government of 8 March 1990. This raises the question of whether any property owner may bring an action on a resolution of the municipal council, taken in connection with the fixing of land use. At issue is primarily a possibility effectively to challenge a resolution on the study of conditions and directions of spatial management. Besides, it was necessary to draw attention to the possibility of using an application as a tool for land owners that are not covered by the boundariesdrawnup and enacted local plans. Also pointed to the problem of complaints by the successors of property owners who have acquired ownership of the entry into force of the resolution of the municipal council.
The study presents the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 19 July 2016, II OSK 2762/14, and acceds to the position of the Court. It was explained that on the grounds of the judgment commented, reference is made to the two essentials of general procedural issues, pointing — first — on the eligibility criteria letters sent by the administration to the applicant, and secondly — the basis to force the administration authority issuing the required procedural act. It was pointed out that regardless of whether the administrative authority violates the interests of action, or silence or protraction, an entity shall find a specific remedy standardized by the legislature (appeal, complaint, complaint for failure to act, the complaint to the court, etc.). It is, therefore, a authority whose essence and, at the same time, the function is tailored to the specific situation of the process.
Consolidation and division proceedings are a procedure which should be applied in view of the principles of spatial order and sustainable development and at the same time it should serve the purpose of rational land development. There is a visible relationship between the process of consolidation and division of land and a local development plan. The analysis of statutory regulations allows drawing a conclusion that the commune in the procedure of changing the local development plan is obliged to comply with the applicable provisions of the resolution on consolidation and division of land. Therefore, it is important to answer the question of whether the detailed terms and conditions of consolidation and division of land should constitute an element which is to be obligatorily specified in the local development plan. Connecting the issue of consolidation and division of land with the assumptions of the local development plan means that if the land development plan is found to be invalid in part or in full it affects the adoption of the resolution on consolidation and division of land.
As a result of the latest reform of higher education, post-doctoral degree granting is proceeded in accordance with two legal regulations. One of them follows the “old” proceedings – based on the Act of 14th March 2003 on scientific degrees and titles and those related to arts, as well as the Act of 27th July 2005 – Law on higher educa tion. The other follows the “new” way which is compliant with the Act of 20th July 2018 – Law on higher education and science. Since post-doctoral proceedings that follow the “old” manner are still audited, and due to the lack of provisions, in the new reform, on the cases where significant changes have been introduced as for scientific areas qualification, numerous legal issues may arise in auditing of post-doctoral de grees granting or rejecting. Furthermore, regardless of the manner of post-doctoral degree proceedings, it is a procedure with special organisational and legal conditions. It seems worthwhile analysing these conditions, and the audit instruments for proce dural standards application in such cases, as imposed by the legislator.
PL
Postępowanie w sprawie nadania stopnia doktora habilitowanego jest szczególnym rodzajem postępowania administracyjnego o odrębnej procedurze. Ma ona wpływ na specyfikę kontroli jego przebiegu oraz wyniku. W praktyce rysuje się wiele wątpliwości prawnych związanych z poszczególnymi stadiami postępowania. Dotyczą one m.in. prawa wypowiedzi, wpływu wyniku etapów wcześniejszych na kolejne, a także zakresu uzasadnienia decyzji w sprawie nadania lub odmowy nadania tego stopnia naukowego. Ostatnia reforma szkolnictwa wyższego wprowadziła istotne zmiany, mające wpływ także na postępowania prowadzone na podstawie poprzednio obowiązujących przepisów.
Supreme Administrative Court takes the position that from the provisions of the Act on upbringing in sobriety and counteracting alcoholism, it is not possible to derive a prohibition on the sale of alcoholic beverages by the entrepreneur from the point of sale specified in the permit by electronic means of communication. This view cannot be accepted, first of all, due to the applicable provisions of public and private law, and in particular for the purposes of rationing of the sale of alcoholic beverages. At the same time, from the considerations of the Supreme Administrative Court in the justification of the judgment under review, it appears that its source was primarily the faulty identification of the form of the legal act, which is the form of the sales contract, with the manner in which the buyer chooses a contractor. The purpose of the gloss is to critically address the SAC's interpretation of the legal provisions that form the basis for rationing the sale of alcoholic beverages by an entrepreneur.
PL
Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny prezentuje stanowisko, że z przepisów ustawy o wychowaniu w trzeźwości i przeciwdziałaniu alkoholizmowi nie jest możliwe wywiedzenie zakazu prowadzenia sprzedaży napojów alkoholowych przez przedsiębiorcę z określonego w zezwoleniu punktu sprzedaży przy użyciu środków komunikacji elektronicznej. Z tym poglądem nie można się zgodzić, przede wszystkim ze względu na cele ustawowej reglamentacji sprzedaży napojów alkoholowych. Przy tym z rozważań NSA zawartych w uzasadnieniu glosowanego orzeczenia wynika, że jego źródłem było przede wszystkim wadliwe identyfikowanie formy czynności prawnej, jaką jest forma umowy sprzedaży, ze sposobem wyboru kontrahenta przez kupującego. Celem glosy jest krytyczne odniesienie się do prezentowanej przez NSA interpretacji przepisów prawa stanowiących podstawę reglamentacji sprzedaży napojów alkoholowych przez przedsiębiorcę.
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