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Com.press
|
2021
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
6-21
EN
The U.S. presidential elections in 2020 went down in history for many reasons, including the record turnout, the record number of mail votes, and the announcement of victory by the losing candidate, the incumbent president. The American media expected this post-election disinformation and behaved responsibly by consistently reporting the lack of a winner when a significant number of votes remained uncounted in the key states. Twitter, thanks to D. Trump, became one of the main forms of communication between the president and the public. Therefore, the precautions introduced by this portal regarding the premature announcement of victory were particularly important. The analysis is based on the broadcasts of the main American TV stations (CNN, Fox News) and Trump's tweets. Using critical discourse analysis, we examine the thesis that the responsibility of traditional and social media in 2020 made enormous social unrest impossible and led to a peaceful change of power.
PL
Wybory prezydenckie w USA w 2020 r. przeszły do historii. Cechowały je: rekordowa frekwencja, rekordowa liczba głosów korespondencyjnych oraz ogłoszenie zwycięstwa przez przegranego kandydata – wówczas jeszcze urzędującego prezydenta. Media amerykańskie, spodziewając się dezinformacji wyborczej, wykazały się odpowiedzialnością i konsekwentnie informowały o braku zwycięzcy w sytuacji niepoliczenia znacznej liczby głosów w kluczowych stanach. Twitter za sprawą D. Trumpa stał się jedną z głównych form komunikacji prezydenta ze społeczeństwem. Stąd szczególnie istotne były zabezpieczenia wprowadzone przez ten portal dotyczące przedwczesnego ogłoszenia zwycięstwa. Artykuł, wykorzystując krytyczną analizę dyskursu, na podstawie materiałów głównych stacji telewizyjnych (CNN, Fox News) oraz twittów Trumpa, bada tezę, że odpowiedzialność mediów tradycyjnych oraz społecznościowych w 2020 roku uniemożliwiła doprowadzenie do ogromnych niepokojów społecznych oraz doprowadziła do pokojowej zmiany władzy.
EN
Recently, the so-called fifth generation (5th) aircraft have been introduced into the air forces, including the already implemented American F-22 and F-35, the Russian Su-57 and the Chinese-made J-20. Little is known about the latter, but the first squadron of Su-57 is being formed, which will ultimately replace the fourth generation (4th) Su-35 aircraft. Nowadays, in global political turmoil, the mentioned aircraft can pose a real threat to NATO defense systems. Therefore, the performance of Russian 4th and 5th generation combat aircraft has been evaluated. This is quite interesting because the aircraft comes from the same Sukhoi design bureau, and the experience of the predecessor was utilized to develop the new one. Thus, it was possible to assess the impact of modern technologies and design methods on the performance of the new generation combat aircraft. To evaluate the performance of the aircraft, the method based on the so-called Energy Maneuverability theory was used, based on the method cited, the Swiss company ALR Aerospace has developed a commercial program that is used in the process of modern aircraft design. The program was utilized in this study to determine the performance and assess the capabilities of the 4th and 5th generation combat aircraft. The essential aircraft’s data for the cited program were taken from relevant military portals, the aircraft manufacturer’s website, monographs on the design of combat aircraft, papers, and even confidential sources. However, some of the aerodynamic parameters were obtained by comparing the aircraft used by the Polish Air Forces (F-16 and MiG-29) with a similar mission profile or parameters and performance. The outcomes of work can be helpful, for example, at the stage of air threat assessment and simulations and anti-aircraft defense systems.
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