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The common inspirational source of Huwawa and Bes: the African dwarf

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Nagy A.

Antik Tanulmanyok (Studia Antiqua)

2007

vol. 51

issue 2

289-298

Huwawa and Bes were very popular in the sphere of thought of the ancient Mesopotamians and Egyptians. Their relationship is recognisable by their iconographical likenesses, and also by the fact that both were active in the world of popular religion by effective apotropaic means. If we examine their functional relationship, the fact that they both show the same peculiarity can be crucial: their legs are represented as jambes arquées (i.e. they are bow-legged). This position may be the indication of some kind of dance. However, there is also a third example representing this dance: the Mesopotamian bow-legged dwarf. Maybe we are not far from the truth when we suppose a common source of inspiration. From the reign of Pharaoh Isesi, African dwarfs or pygmies were imported to the Egyptian court. In author's opinion, it is this dwarf which represents for the first time the jambes arquées-dance in the ancient Near East and in him we can identify the common source of the jambes arquées peculiarity of Huwawa, Bes and the bow-legged dwarf.

Kierkegaard and the angel of aesthetics

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Nagy A.

Magyar Filozofiai Szemle (Hungarian Review of Philosophy)

2004

vol. 48

issue 1/2

9-25

The question of 'communication' is in the center of the essay, when focusing on the great Danish thinker, Sören Kierkegaard and his view on angels. Being brought up in a Lutheran environment and greatly influenced by his father (himself a member of a fundamentalist Lutheran sect), Kierkegaard's 'angelic experiences' differed very much from those listed in Catholic interpretations or conserved in everyday references to celestial beings. Facing both the surviving pagan traditions (and referred to its 'heavenly' messengers) and referring to the angels of Kierkegaard's Copenhagen (maily as decorations and ornaments) the study highlights the more important, often determinant references of Kierkegaard to angels. In the list of such 'appearances' in his oeuvre, by angels the 'question of communication' is examinated in an original way, while the 'authenticity' is questioned and/or emphasized by their presence. His ideas about transformations of angelic beings into demonic (daimonic) or even diabolic ones, has its very special emphasis of the once common origin of all these creatures, while final and fatal 'fall' of transcendental conscience is mirrored by the fall of angels, when marrying mortal women. His conclusion, that theology married reason the way once fallen angels did, refers to this tragedy, once creating monsters of early times and now repeating this mortal seduction in the 'world of spirit'.

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1 Antik Tanulmanyok (Studia Antiqua)

1 Magyar Filozofiai Szemle (Hungarian Review of Philosophy)

2 Nagy A.

1 2007

1 2004

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The common inspirational source of Huwawa and Bes: the African dwarf

Kierkegaard and the angel of aesthetics