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Porównania
|
2021
|
vol. 28
|
issue 1
443-462
EN
The article is an attempt to shed light on the history of the Polish novel for children with the highest number of English translations. It is an attempt to explain, with selected examples which have not been discussed so far, how Korczak’s translatorshave dealt with the text of Król Maciuś Pierwszy [King Matt the First], using different translation strategies. The analysed material deserves attention not only because it has so far remained terra incognita of Polish translation studies, but also because each of the translators has accentuated different layers of meaning of the original, modifying it in terms of style, linguistic organization and cultural references.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą przybliżenia czytelnikowi historii polskiej powieści dla dzieci, która doczekała się największej liczby angielskich przekładów. Jest to próba wyjaśnienia, za pomocą nieomawianych wcześniej przykładów, w jaki sposób tłumacze Korczaka potraktowali tekst Króla Maciusia Pierwszego w przekładzie, stosując odmienne strategie tłumaczeniowe. Badany materiał zasługuje na uwagę nie tylko ze względu na to, że pozostawał dotąd jedną z „białych plam” polskiego przekładoznawstwa, ale również dlatego że każdy ze wspomnianych tłumaczy zaakcentował inne pokłady znaczeniowe oryginału, modyfikując go pod względem stylu, organizacji językowej oraz odniesień kulturowych.
EN
The article highlights the important role of Lucia Merecka Borski, the most active translator of Polish fairy tales into English in the 20th century. Situated within the field of Translator Studies, it poses such questions as: why do translators translate, why do they translate some texts and not others, what motivates them to do so, and how to interpret their translation choices? Addressing these questions, the article discusses Merecka Borski’s The Jolly Tailor and Other Fairy Tales, repeatedly reprinted in the United States. The text pays special attention to the translation of Polish proper names as well as the cultural and institutional context influencing Merecka Borski’s translation activities.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie podkreśla istotną rolę Lucii Mereckiej Borski, najbardziej aktywnej tłumaczki polskich bajek i baśni na język angielski XX wieku. Przyjmując perspektywę studiów nad tłumaczami, artykuł odnosi się do następujących pytań: dlaczego tłumacze tłumaczą? Dlaczego przekładają dane teksty, a nie inne? Co ich do tego motywuje i jak interpretować ich wybory translatorskie? Odpowiadając na te pytania, tekst analizuje The Jolly Tailor and Other Fairy Tales, zbiór bajek wielokrotnie wznawiany w Stanach Zjednoczonych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przekładu polskich nazw własnych oraz kontekstu kulturowego i instytucjonalnego, który wpłynął na działalność tłumaczeniową Mereckiej Borski.
EN
The article focuses on Kaytek the Wizard, the English translation of Janusz Korczak’s children’s classic Kajtuś czarodziej, originally published in Poland in 1933. Translated by Antonia Lloyd-Jones, the book came out in English with the New York-based Penlight Publications in 2012, almost eighty years after the original publication. The article begins with an overview of the theoretical context of translating children’s literature, with regard to issues such as censorship, political correctness, and ideological manipulations. It demonstrates that contentious passages have often been mitigated, in order to create a commercially or ideologically “appropriate” text, for example in the former countries of the Eastern Bloc, in Spain, or in the contemporary United States. It then describes the context of the publication of the English version of Korczak’s novel, shedding light on the roles of the copyright holder and translation commissioner, the publisher and the translator, and also mentioning the English language reviews of the translation in literary journals. Following that, the article examines the translator’s treatment of the original expressions and passages concerning racial issues, which would be considered racist today. These include references to Africans as “savages,” “apes” or “cannibals,” a reflection of the European racial stereotypes of that period. It is demonstrated that, in her treatment of such lexical items, the translator adopted a middle course, retaining some of the contentious passages but also partly omitting and toning down other controversial examples in question. The article also reflects on the role of, and constraints on, the literary translator, who may be confronted with the ethical dilemma of either respecting the integrity of the original, and recreating the collective consciousness of a bygone era, or appropriating the original text, through eliminating passages which negatively portray blacks, so as to better adapt it to the target context of multicultural American society.
EN
The article concentrates on one of the most famous European comic book series and its Polish translations. Thorgal, a classic Franco-Belgian series created by the Polish comic book artist Grzegorz Rosiński and the Belgian scriptwriter Jean van Hamme, combines fantasy, science fiction and Nordic mythology and has gained a cult status in Poland. The translations of the stories about Thorgal Aegirsson have been published in Poland since the late 1970s, initially in installments in the comics magazine Relax and then as comic book albums. Since these translations are the work of several Polish translators, they often differ from one another, sometimes slightly and sometimes considerably. The purpose of the article is twofold. On the one hand, it examines the use of condensation techniques in the first Polish translations of Thorgal. As a result of textual condensation, some of the original meanings were simplified and the image of the main protagonist and certain cultural references were significantly modified. On the other hand, the article analyzes the relationship between words and images and focuses on the graphic metamorphoses of lettering in speech balloons in the subsequent translations of Thorgal. The article discusses these differences on the example of the selected comic book panels from the Polish translations of the album entitled Les trois vieillards du pays d’Aran [The Three Elders of Aran].
EN
The article concentrates on the translation of visual literature in general and the translation of picturebooks in particular. It first discusses the specificity of this kind of literature and overviews the research on the translation of picturebooks, especially with regard to the various types of relationships between words and pictures and the ways in which such relationships may be transformed in translation. In the second part, the article focuses on the artistic output of Australian writer and illustrator Shaun Tan. It examines the Polish translations of two picturebook stories by this author, that is The Red Tree and The Lost Thing, published by Kultura Gniewu in 2014. The article emphasizes that a picturebook is a special kind of text in which the message is conveyed by interdependent words and pictures, which both contribute to communicating meaning that neither could express alone. Although seemingly simple to translate, a picturebook may nevertheless constitute a challenge for the translator. The article also sheds light on the translation of the words that are an integral part of illustrations, the result of the cooperation between translators, graphic artists and editors.
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