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Ochrona zdrowia społeczności żydowskiej na Górnym Śląsku w latach 1945–1950

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Spielvogel I.
Medycyna Nowożytna
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2023
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vol. 29
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issue Suplement
201-225
EN
The post-war activities of the Jewish health care in Upper Silesia, were part of a centuries-old tradition of activity by Jewish aid organisations. Its task was not only to spread medical aid, but also to provide, under adverse conditions and at short notice, the basis of existence and a sense of security for several thousand people. In the first half of 1945, issues of health care for the Jewish population settled in Upper Silesia after the Second World War remained the responsibility of the health departments at the field committees of the Central Committee of Jews in Poland. Starting from August 1945, the health policy and the protection of the health of Jews in Poland rested on the shoulders of the Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish People (TOZ) reactivated within the structures of the CKŻP. The organisation’s functioning was based on provincial branches, with interventions including: primary and specialist medical care, preventive measures including spa stays or maternal and child health. The Katowice branch was established in April 1946. At its busiest, it was the second largest branch of TOZ in Poland and covered five cities in Upper Silesia: Bytom, Chorzów, Zabrze, Gliwice and Opole. Among other things, there were nine outpatient clinics, mother and baby clinics, a maternity home and a dental surgery. Their activities came to an end in 1950, when all social organisations, including Jewish ones, were nationalised in Poland.
2
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Terapia balneoklimatyczna i lecznictwo uzdrowiskowe społeczności żydowskiej na Śląsku w latach 1945–1950

100%
Spielvogel I.
Medycyna Nowożytna
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2024
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vol. 30
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issue Suplement II
367-397
EN
The issue of the health care of the Jewish community in Silesia (both Upper and Lower Silesia) just after the World War II in the context of spa and balneoclimatic therapy has so far not received a thorough scientific synthesis nor analytical study. In the literature to date, this issue has mainly appeared as an element within the broader context of studies. It should be noted, however, that Lower Silesia, which played a leading role not only in the history of post-war Jewish settlement, but also became the national centre for tuberculosis spa treatment in the People’s Republic of Poland, remained the main focus of interest for researchers. The current state of research still contains many areas of unrecognised research and is far from being considered satisfactory. This article is therefore an attempt to fill this research gap and aims to explore the history and place of spa and balneoclimatic therapy in post-war health care structures in the context of the Jewish community. The research therefore covered spa towns in Upper and Lower Silesia, providing treatment services, located within the borders of Poland after 1945. In the course of the research, available archives, sources, studies and e-documents were analysed. The paper focuses primarily on an attempt to reconstruct the activities of the Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish People in Poland, the primary organisation for Jewish medical care, which operated in Lower and Upper Silesia for less than three decades. The turning points of the article are: 1945 – thebeginning of the Polish administration in Silesia and the moment when the structures of the Jewish health service in Poland were reactivated, and 1950 – the symbolic end of Jewish autonomy in the country.
3
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Medycyna i nacjonalizm – stacja szpitalna na cmentarzu żydowskim we Wrocławiu

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Spielvogel I.
Medycyna Nowożytna
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2022
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vol. 28
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issue 2
99-115
EN
Between 1941 and 1945, in some regions of the Third Reich, Jews were allowed to function, if, among other things, they had non-Jewish spouses or were considered, according to racial purity laws, to be so-called „Mischlings”. German half-blood Jews, due to the Aryan blood element, were initially not affected by persecution to the same extent as full-blood Jews. In theory, they could, for example, seek exemption from racial laws, did not have to pay Jewish property tax or wear the Star of David. They were also spared during the first deportations. The question of the extermination of German Jews in mixed marriages or those who were categorised as being of „mixed descent” was repeatedly raised in National Socialist offices and institutions but was never finally resolved. In line with the National Socialist racial ideology, separate medical facilities had to be established for this social group, providing health care services. Such centres were set up from 1943 onwards in the larger German cities where there were still relatively large numbers of Jews. They were opened on the Gestapo’s orders as so-called hospital stations (Krankenstation). Such institutions operated in: Berlin, Breslau (now Wrocław), Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg and Cologne. An abandoned administrative building located in the Jewish cemetery at what was then Flughafenstraße 51 (now Lotnicza Street) in the Cosel (Kozanów) district was designated as the headquarters of the Wrocław facility, which egan operating on 1 July 1943.
4
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Terra sigillata Silesiaca – historyczne pokłady śląskiej gliny leczniczej jako środek terapeutyczny

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Spielvogel I., Pająk M.
Medycyna Nowożytna
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2021
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vol. 27
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issue 2
27-44
EN
Clays, because of their medicinal properties, have been intuitively used in healing in all parts of the world since ancient times. The discovery of medicinal clay deposits used in Silesia – terra sigillata Silesiaca – dates back to 1550. The deposits were described in 1586 in a work published in Nuremberg entitled Judieum de terra sigillata strigoviensis. The author of the publication was the discoverer of Silesian healing clays – a Renaissance physician and geologist from Strzegom – Johann Schulz (1531–1604), known as Johannes Montanus. This discovery was also mentioned in 1583 by Andreas Berthold, an alchemist and empiricist, who was not a physician, in his work entitled Terrae sigillatae nuper in Germania repertae and Caspar Schwenckfeld (1563–1609), a spa physician from Cieplice-Zdrój, in his monograph from 1600, entitled Stirpium & Fossilium Silesiae Catalogus. Indications for using clay from Silesian deposits were also described in a work from 1737, entitled Rariora naturae & artis, item in re medica; oder, Seltenheiten der Natur und Kunst des kundmannischen Naturalien-Cabinets, wie auch in der Artzeney-Wissenschafft by Johann Kundmann (1684–1751), a physician of the von Hochberg family from Wrocław. By 1580, Silesian clay was already known as a remedy against dog rabies in the state of Hesse. In 1618, it was listed in the pharmaceutical work entitled Pharmacopoetia Londinensis, alongside clays from the Mediterranean region. According to the descriptions, this clay helped the population in 1633 as a prophylactic measure to control the plague epidemic and the mass extinction of cattle in Upper Silesia.
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Rabbiner Dr. Max Dienemann als Hygieniker

63%
Spielvogel I., Pietsch M.
Medycyna Nowożytna
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2020
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vol. 26
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issue 1
75-90
EN
Max Dienemann (1875–1939) is known primarily as a leading German liberal rabbi, acting inter alia for sixteen years in Racibórz in Upper Silesia. He is considered one of the intellectual fathers of Reform Judaism, which in 1935 ordained the first female rabbi in the history of Judaism – Regina Jonas (1902–1944). A publicist, philologist, and historian, he left behind significant intellectual achievements associated primarily with the analysis of Judaism as well as Jewish history and culture. Little is known that his activities are devoted to the connections between Judaism and hygiene, including writings on hygiene by Jewish doctors. Dienemann developed this subject, finding a starting point for his analyzes in the Talmud and its guidelines for health and purity as an ethical and religious obligation (Sabbath 50b et al.). In this paper, we present a poorly understood area of interest of Rabbi Dienemann, focused on issues of hygiene and religion, hygiene history and hygiene-related ethnomedicine among Jews in Europe.
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