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EN
The aim of the following article is to consider the possibility of accepting the admission of guilt by the defendant as the primary condition for conclusion of the court proceedings in all consensual modes of trial as delineated by the Code of Criminal Procedure. The article contests the validity of the criterion of the seriousness of the act, which has been established by the legislator for the purposes of distinguishing a separate consensual model of court proceedings. At the same time, the article aims to consider whether it would be more reasonable to broaden the possibility of plea bargaining to include all cases, regardless of the seriousness of the act, if the defendant pleads guilty. Moreover, the author considers the prerequisites for sentencing without court proceedings, provided for under Article 335 § 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, including the assessment of the defendant’s own account in the context of all evidence collected in the investigation.
EN
Children’s book editing is an interdisciplinary field of research combining typography, pedagogy and didactics. The article deals with distinctions which are important, but still it is a little recognized and reviewed issue in the field of editorial means, which should be in a properly designed book subordinated to the basic functions: organization, navigation and cohesion. The examples presented showed that each element used in a children’s book design should serve at least one of these functions, as their effect is extended to support the learning of reading, articulation, spelling practice, etc. Typographical errors in the use of distinctions, causing reading to be disturbed, have also been highlighted. The aesthetics of such a book may have a positive or negative impact on the hygiene of reading - it may make it difficult to learn to read or even discourage one from dealing with a book. Properly applied - matched typographic distinctions improve the legibility of the text, i.e. make it easier for children - not skilled enough readers – to get used to the text and its educational layer. Aesthetics and high quality of publications aimed at children is a broad and still not very well described area of research, and this article is an attempt to raise awareness of this issue.
EN
This article addresses some amendments of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure in so far as they affect the position of the injured party. The Act of 19 July 2019 amending the Polish Code of Criminal Code provides for a number of changes relating to that participant of criminal proceedings. The paper deals with the extension of the time limit within which it is possible to withdraw a motion to prosecute, changes to the so-called subsidiary complaint, setting a deadline for questioning the injured under Articles 185a and 185c of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure or serving the injured party with an order to pay (injunctive judgment) alongside the instructions on how to appeal against the judgment and simultaneously file a statement that the injured will act in the capacity of a subsidiary prosecution counsel. The analysis is aimed to establish whether those changes have led to the strengthening or weakening of the position of the injured party.
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