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Zwischen Monismus und Pluralismus der juristischen Fachsprache

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Kohtamäki N.
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem
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2023
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vol. 15
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issue 1
176-196
DE
Die Hauptthese des Artikels betrifft den Pluralismus der juristischen Fachsprache. Eine solche Annahme widerspricht der Entwicklungstradition der Rechtsdogmatik, die, insbesondere in ihrem konservativen Ansatz, von einem Monismus der Rechtssprache ausgeht. Neue Trends in den Sozialwissenschaften führen post-positivistische Ansätze ein, die eine Vielzahl von Forschungsperspektiven vorschlagen. Diese Vielfältigkeit schlägt sich auch in Änderungen des konzeptionellen Rasters nieder. Die eurozentrische Vision des Rechts ist eine von vielen parallelen Erzählungen, und die Rezeption europäischer Modelle hat heute einen zunehmend bewussten und funktional begründeten Charakter. Die verschiedenen Narrative, die das Verständnis des Rechts in vielen Kontexten bestimmen, hängen damit zusammen, wer eine bestimmte Norm auslegt. Dies bezieht sich nicht nur auf die Rechtsfamilie selbst oder auf das jeweilige Rechtssystem, in dem die ausgelegte Norm verankert ist. Es handelt sich vielmehr um einen Pluralismus, der mit der Vielfalt der Wahrnehmung zusammenhängt, die sich unmittelbar aus den Bedingungen ergibt, die mit dem Forscher-Interpreten selbst zusammenhängen.
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Realizacja interesu narodowego w strukturach Unii… Europejskiej na przykładzie autonomicznych agencji regulacyjnych

100%
Kohtamäki N.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
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2017
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issue 17
PL
Regulatory agencies are an original example of cooperation between countries, privateinstitutions and bodies of the European Union. They are an essential link in the developmentof sectoral network administration within the European institutional structures. Theycan be regarded as a kind of platform for coordinating the activities of specialized officesof Member States in specific sectors of the internal market. Although the emphasis in thefounding regulations is put on the independence and autonomy of these bodies, they remainunder significant influence of the Commission and the national governments. This latterphenomenon can be seen in the work of the management boards, which are the main decisionmakingbodies of the agencies. They are a forum in which the most active representativesof the Member States present their positions and in which there is a clash of differentnational interests and preferences. Undoubtedly institutions such as regulatory agencies alsocontribute to the building of the so-called EU identity, but they are still mainly coordinatingbodies in which there is a confrontation of national interests.Key words: national interests, European Union, regulatory agencies, liberalism, realism,constructivism
3
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Realizacja interesu narodowego w strukturach Unii… Europejskiej na przykładzie autonomicznych agencji regulacyjnych

100%
Kohtamäki N.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
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2016
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vol. 17
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issue 214
PL
Regulatory agencies are an original example of cooperation between countries, privateinstitutions and bodies of the European Union. They are an essential link in the developmentof sectoral network administration within the European institutional structures. Theycan be regarded as a kind of platform for coordinating the activities of specialized officesof Member States in specific sectors of the internal market. Although the emphasis in thefounding regulations is put on the independence and autonomy of these bodies, they remainunder significant influence of the Commission and the national governments. This latterphenomenon can be seen in the work of the management boards, which are the main decisionmakingbodies of the agencies. They are a forum in which the most active representativesof the Member States present their positions and in which there is a clash of differentnational interests and preferences. Undoubtedly institutions such as regulatory agencies alsocontribute to the building of the so-called EU identity, but they are still mainly coordinatingbodies in which there is a confrontation of national interests.Key words: national interests, European Union, regulatory agencies, liberalism, realism,constructivism
4
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Legal Language as an Instrument for Describing Social Reality. Searching for Innovative Narrations

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Kohtamäki N.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
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2022
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vol. 14
31-56
EN
How we function in social reality is determined by various types of cognitive schemas. These concern people, social events and other phenomena. According to the concept offered by various postpositivist currents, including postmodernism, poststructuralism and critical theory, such schemata cannot be objective. The most important element of postmodern considerations is the discovery of the arbitrary nature of modernity. This means rejecting the Enlightenment belief in progress. Innovation, understood as modernity resulting from human reason, is illusory in the postmodern perspective. Innovation consists precisely in a rejection of the myth of the existence of some absolute, objective truths that constitute the social order. The world is textual, made up of many alternative narratives. Definitions, including legal definitions, are socially constructed. They arise from specific social conditions, at a particular stage of development of a particular group. The assumption made by postmodernists is that language, including professional language – such as the language of law or legal language – is neither neutral nor transparent. The innovative power of this language lies in its use of narratives that influence the functioning of social groups of varying degrees of complexity. It is therefore necessary, adopting a postmodern interpretation, to look at the text of legal language in a similar way as we look at other texts. That is, to see in the narrativity of this language structural similarities with other texts that constitute social reality.
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The Case of Finnish Innovative Society: Shaping Legal Higher Education in Line with the Ideals of Social Solidarity

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Kohtamäki N.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2022
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vol. 26
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issue 4
199-216
EN
In a dynamically changing World, the process of educating students at universities must also change. The changes implemented, however, should be well thought out. The events of the last two years related to the pandemic have caused a global revolution in teaching methods, which have had to be modified to transfer knowledge remotely. Such ad hoc changes are contributing to a change in how higher education is viewed, especially in the context of traditional fields of studies such as the law, which have so far been reluctant to embrace new trends in curriculum design and educational methods. Because of their natural attachment to national legal systems, these faculties have been slower than others to undergo internationalisation, i.e. student exchanges in the educational process (due to difficulties with subjects being recognised abroad). For years, the Nordic countries, and especially Finland, have been among the leading countries in the world with regard to shaping effective and innovative systems of education, including higher education.
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The European Composite Administration Facing the Challenges of Migration

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Kohtamäki N.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 3
7-25
XX
In classical theoretical reflections on international reality, one of the leading paradigms is the belief that the Westphalian order based on sovereign states has evolved into a diverse network of interdependent actors. From a legal perspective, a network such as this has the character of multi-level normative linkages. Legislation with varying degrees of impact in terms of its binding force is enacted within a number of parallel consultative bodies. Within the EU this network takes on a concretised, institutionalnormative dimension, the so-called European Composite Administration which is evident in specific areas such as cyber security, asylum and migration policies, energy, and financial market regulation. In the European Union, decentralised agencies play a leading role in a such compound bureaucracy. They are one of the main instruments in the European system for harmonising regulation and practices in specific areas of EU activity. In a crisis situation there is an increasing tendency to modify their powers. Within the European Composite Administration, bodies such as EASO, the agency responsible for migration and asylum policies, play a key coordinating role between the Member States. The crisis legitimises institutional changes, by expanding the catalogue of regulatory agencies' competencies. While practitioners, especially in individual offices in the Member States, may find such processes acceptable in relation to the ideal of efficient and effective administration, these phenomena may be regarded as worrying from the point of view of control over a growing complex integrated administrative apparatus.
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Rola agencji regulacyjnych w tworzeniu europejskiej kultury administracyjnej na przykładzie unijnej agencji nowego typu – Europejskiego Urzędu Nadzoru Giełd i Papierów Wartościowych

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Kohtamäki N.
Ius Novum
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2016
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vol. 10
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issue 3
329-346
PL
Abstract
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