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Dzieje kultury europejskiej i polskiej XVIII wieku w ujęciu polskich uczonych w XX stuleciu. Wybrane zagadnienia

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Chachaj M.
Historyka Studia Metodologiczne
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2023
|
vol. 53
291-306
EN
The article discusses the dispute over the chronology of the Enlightenment in Poland and the views of Józef Gierowski and Jacek Staszewski regarding the assessment of the Saxon times and the origins of the Polish Enlightenment. The problem of the reception of Western cultures (French, English, Italian and German) in the times of the Enlightenment in Poland was also treated more broadly. After presenting various understandings of culture in Polish historiography, the positions of Polish researchers on the assessment of the Enlightenment in Europe (Emanuel Rostworowski) and then the culture of the Saxon times and the Enlightenment in Poland (Józef Andrzej Gierowski, Janusz Maciejewski, Jacek Staszewski) were discussed. The achievements of Polish historiography in the field of research on the reception in Poland of the works of the most eminent authors of the French Enlightenment (these were primarily Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Montesquieu), English (including Locke), Italian (Genovesi, Beccaria) and German (including Wolff, Gottsched) were shown in greater detail. The reception of this work would not have been possible without the appearance in Poland of an intellectual elite, often speaking French, who were able to evaluate and appreciate the innovative views of Western writers and philosophers.
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Polacy promowani na uniwersytecie w Perugii w XVI i XVII wieku

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Chachaj M.
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
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2022
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vol. 47
9-30
EN
The text presents the results of research carried out mainly in the files kept at the Archivio Storico degli Università degli Studi di Perugia. As a result, it was possible to establish that between 1575 and 1682, 39 Poles obtained 40 doctorates from the University of Perugia (Piotr Odorowski obtained two doctorates, in law and theology): 33 promotions were in law, two in canon law, and five in theology.Some of the degrees were awarded to individuals who had not studied longer in Perugia, and should be treated as honorary titles (Stanisław Reszka being a case in point). Prior to receiving their degrees in Perugia, most graduates studied at other universities: the largest number, at least 23, in Krakow; a few at the Vilnius Academy. Some studied at Jesuit colleges in Braniewo, Kalisz or Poznań. Single individuals took up studies at the universities of Frankfurt (Oder), Ingolstadt and Würzburg, and at the academy in Olomouc. For obvious raasons, most people studied in Italy (mainly in Rome and Padua) .Among those promoted, a large group were Catholic diocesan clergy; promotions of monks were rare (only two graduates were Discalced Carmelites). There were 24 graduates – representatives of the nobility, and 13 of the bourgeoisie; in two cases it was not possible to establish their social origin. Finally, let me stress the great importance of Perugia doctorates for the careers of the individuals promoted. Unfortunately, in most cases, the names of the professors whose lectures were listened to by newcomers from Poland remain unknown
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