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PL
The article presents changes in the territorial structure, especially in the local governments, that have taken place in selected countries of European Union in the last 20 years. Changes on the local level and adjustments on the regional level as experienced by unitary states (Scandinavian and Baltic states), federal states (Belgium), states with regional autonomy (Spain) and states that underwent devolution (United Kingdom) are presented. The territorial organization of European Union member states reflects differences in governing and managing structures adjusted to the characteristics of each state. The undertaken reforms relate on the one hand to political, economic and civilizational conditions, and on the other hand to brand new approach to fulfillment of the tasks of public administration (both governmental and self governmental) that would be the most effective, efficient and satisfying the needs of citizens. In many countries, particularly Scandinavian, reforms have been implemented aiming at decreasing of the number of communes.
EN
Article describes major considerations resulting from overview of literature on organizational learning of public sector units. Firstly, author describes the most important concepts and notions in the field of organizational learning. Next, chosen research cases of organizational learning measurement in public sector are presented. Finally, the last part is devoted to drawing of conclusions from undertaken analysis.
EN
The aim of our discussion is to look at the socio-economic analysis. It should be assumed that this is the basic resource of various types of knowledge (policy knowledge), which - in principle - is to provide the basis for making public decisions. As a result, these decisions are to be optimal or better than those decisions that are based only on intuition, belief, etc. This is, therefore, an analysis that is to be a resource of rationalized, verifiable knowledge from reliable sources.
PL
Celem naszej dyskusji będzie przyjrzenie się analizie społeczno-ekonomicznej. W punkcie wyjścia proponuję, aby rozważać ją jako zasób różnego typu wiedzy (policy knowledge), która - w założeniu - ma dostarczać podstaw do podejmowania decyzji publicznych z myślą o tym, aby były bardziej optymalne czy lepsze od takich decyzji, które mają opierać się tylko na intuicji, przeświadczeniu itp. Chodzi zatem o analizę, która ma być zasobem wiedzy zracjonalizowanej, weryfikowalnej, pochodzącej z wiarygodnych źródeł.
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