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  1. 3 Lingua Posnaniensis

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  1. 3 Zaborski A.

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GRAMMATICALIZATION AND LEXICALIZATION IN THE VERBAL SYSTEM OF HAMITOSEMITIC

100%
Zaborski A.
Lingua Posnaniensis
|
2005
|
vol. 47
199-207
EN
The aim of the paper is to overview the processes of grammaticalization and lexicalization in the verbal system of hamitosemitic. Hamitosemitic/Afroasiatic 'prefix-conjugations' go back to original periphrastic constructions although not only periphrastic constructions and nominal sentences but also inflexional verbal categories must have existed in Proto-Hamitosemitic dialect cluster. Proto-Egyptian lost periphrastic constructions with preposed auxiliary already before they could be grammaticalized. At least four different 'suffix-conjugations' should be reconstructed for Proto-Semitic not only on the basis of internal Semitic reconstruction but also in the light of Egyptian evidence. Also active participle 'qbtil' and its variant 'qattil' have played a part in the development of verbal categories.
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NOTES ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE 'PREFIX-CONJUGATIONS' IN THE MODERN SOUTH ARABIAN LANGUAGES

100%
Zaborski A.
Lingua Posnaniensis
|
2007
|
vol. 49
195-206
EN
In Proto-Modern South Arabian there must have been at least three groups of verbs: 1) verbs with Imperfect, Conjunctive and Preterite forms differing in prefix and stem ablaut as well as ending, 2) verbs with Imperfect and Conjunctive differing in prefix and stem ablaut plus endings (including -an of the Energicus) but Preterite differing probably only by zero ending which could be augmented by Energic -an), 3) verbs with the same ablaut in all the three categories which differed only in endings. The Imperfect with long vowel or a diftong after the first root consonant goes back to originally multiplicative/intensive/causative *qatala/qatila class, a variant of qattala. *Qatala/qatila forms are used in Mehri with plural object like in Akkadian, Classical Arabic and Beja. Alleged 'conative' meaning of the derived *qatala verbs does not exist in MSA at all. Like in Ethiopic there is a separate derived form *aqatala which is causative and multiplicative/intensive. It is better to use the name 'Conjunctive' than 'Subjunctive' in MSA since this form is used also as Jussive. It is not true that MSA Energicus (surviving mainly but not exclusively in conditional clauses) goes back simply to Conjunctive since at least in Jibbali many verbs have Energicus (named 'Conditional' by Johnstone) with a special ablaut which cannot be explained as original umlaut due to the affixation of -Vn. The use of Energic *-an with the original Imperfect, Preterite and Conjunctive is an important isogloss connecting MSA with Sabaic and Minean. MSA Conjunctive has different origin in four groups of verbs: Old Preterite/Jussive yV-qtVl, Old Imperfect yV-qtVl-u, Present yV-qVttVl-u/yV-qatVl-u and Old Subjunctive yV-qtVl-a.
3
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MAIN AND SECONDARY FUNCTIONS OF DERIVED VERBS IN ARABIC

100%
Zaborski A.
Lingua Posnaniensis
|
2006
|
vol. 48
165-189
EN
The aim of the paper is to give an overview of different functions of derived verbs in Arabic. 'Qattala' and its historical variant 'qatala' are multiplicative or pluractional with originally plural object (secondary functions: iterative, habitual, durative, progressive, intensive) as well as causative, including factitive.'Conative' function of 'qatala' verb is a secondary feature of lexically perfective verbs conditioned by the main multiplicative function which conditions also the 'comitative' feature. Many 'qattala' and 'qatala' verbs have the same meaning as their class I counterparts or do not have class I forms - some of them are remnants of the original Present corresponding to 'Akkadian iparrasu'. Some 'taqattala' and 'taqatala' as well as 'iqtatala' (< *itqatala) and 'istaqtala' forms are not only mediopassive or simply middle/reflexive but also transitive with the same meaning as corresponding forms No. I, II, III and IV since they are remnants of ancient periphrastic constructions with the auxiliary *ta- 'to become, to be', viz. Present '*yataqattalu/yataqatalu' (preserved in Berber) and Present Perfect '*yaptarisu' (a cognate of 'Akkadian iptarasu'). Also 'inqatala' verbs continue ancient periphrastic construction with nV- 'to be'. Denominative verbs common in the II, III and the IV and X class are at the origin of 'declarative', 'estimative', 'benefactive', 'directional' (e.g. 'sa'ada' 'to go to upper Egypt', 'aymana' 'to go to Yemen') and other values conditioned by either factitive function or by inherent lexical meaning not to mention context. 'Aqtala' class contains not only causative and denominative verbs but also simple transitive verbs which are remnants of a conjugation with 'yuqtilu' Imperfect which have been reinterpreted as members of this class and attached to 'aqtala' Perfect. Some 'istaqtala' verbs go back to '*it(a)saqtala'. Classes No. II, III, IX, XI–XV are related.
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