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Piekło? Tragiczna możliwość

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Witko K.
Teologia w Polsce
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2008
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vol. 2
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issue 1
77-84
PL
Piekło nie jest więc Bożą karą, lecz tworem człowieka. Bóg nie uczynił piekła. Piekło powstaje, gdy miłość zostaje całkowicie odrzucona, odepchnięta. Nasze ziemskie doświadczenie pozwala nam mieć pewne wyobrażenie o tym, czym może być piekło. Piekło jest już na ziemi – wszędzie tam, gdzie biorą górę nienawiść, egoizm, gwałt, niesprawiedliwość i potęga pieniądza. Jest nim życie bez miłości, agresywna rywalizacja, prawo silniejszego, pogarda dla drugiego. Jest nim zamknięcie się w samotności i egoizmie wbrew wspólnotowej naturze człowieka.
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Krytyka modernizmu i integryzmu w personalizmie chrześcijańskim

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Witko K.
Studia Pastoralne
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2018
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vol. 14
288-302
EN
In the new and uncomfortable situation Christians sometimes adopt two equally ineffective attitudes: liberal modernism and religious integralism. Following Emmanuel Mounier (1905–1950) I start my analysis with a reflection on “the space” of modernism – a situation of a Christian subjected to “the world outside”, a victim of alleged modernity and scientistic rationalism. Next I analyse religious integralism, which is blind acceptance of doctrines and articles of faith without any proof. This attitude approves, to some extent, the status quo and treats it as something irreversible. In my conclusion I present my conviction that the area of personalistic thinking is Christianity rooted in the Paschal mystery of Christ and at the same time involved one, participating in human affairs, open to the question of meaning of human existence.
3

Cardinal Jean Daniélou (1905–1974). Un penseur catholique pour notre temps

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Witko K.
Studia Pastoralne
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2021
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vol. 17
183-199
EN
The Jesuit theologian, Cardinal Jean Daniélou, was not only the author of numerous books and articles, the founder of the patristic and theological collections (Sources Chrétiennes, Théologie Historique), but also a popular speaker and retreat-giver for the Paris academic and artistic circles. Therefore, it is not surprising that these comprehensive intellectual interests and intense pastoral activities were reflected in his patristic and theological works and gave it a specific flavour that is not easy to be rendered in a single compact system. This article aims to present briefly the figure of J. Daniélou as an outstanding patrist and theologian, academic lecturer and pastor, whose life and deeds were totally coherent with the testimony of faith in the Risen Jesus Christ, firmly rooted in living Tradition and lived out and celebrated in the community of the Church at the present stage of salvation history.
4
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Teologia przednicejska i jej aktualność

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Witko K.
Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN
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2013
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issue 8
133-150
EN
This paper focuses on three issues. First, it is about the context and environment of pre-Nicene theology. It is emphasized that pre-Nicene theology did not neglect catechetical and liturgical reflection (ad intra) while at the same time successfully entered into a critical and creative dialogue with both the Semitic and Greco-Roman world where first Christians lived (ad extra). For contemporary theology its means that it cannot reject historical reasoning, placed in space and time. The second part stresses that, in spite of different situations and all historical and cultural contexts, theology before Nicea was above all an understanding of Sacred Scripture to which the key is the Risen Christ as the source and definitive fulfilment of the inspired writings. Finally, the third part of the paper focuses on the existential and spiritual experience from which pre-Nicene theology originated. For this theology the Gospel of Christ is not just the rule of faith but also the rule of life. This leads to a conclusion that a contemporary theologian is a to take up an existential-personalistic reflection on Revelation using the historical-hermeneutic method.
PL
W artykule omawiam aktualność teologii przednicejskiej. Po pierwsze, zwracam uwagę na jej kontekst i środowisko. Nie zaniedbując refleksji katechetyczno-liturgicznej (ad intra), teologia ta podjęła z powodzeniem krytyczno-twórczy dialog ze światem semickim i grecko-rzymskim (ad extra). Dla teologii współczesnej oznacza to, że nie można zamykać się na wymóg myślenia historycznego, umiejscowionego w przestrzeni i czasie. Następnie ukazuję, że niezależnie od różnych kontekstów historyczno-kulturowych, teologia przednicejska jest refleksją nad Pismem Świętym, którego kluczem jest Chrystus zmartwychwstały - źródło i ostateczne wypełnienie Pism natchnionych. Takie ujęcie objawienia stanowi też podstawę właściwego uprawiania współczesnej refleksji teologicznej. W końcu, zwracam uwagę na doświadczenie egzystencjalno-duchowe, z którego wyrosła teologia przednicejska. Ewangelia jest dla niej nie tylko regułą wiary, lecz także regułą postępowania. Niewątpliwie tak rozumiana refleksja teologiczna ukazuje współczesnemu teologowi wymóg podjęcia egzystencjalnej refleksji nad objawieniem w kluczu historyczno-hermeneutycznym.
5

Dire la foi chrétienne aujourd’hui

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Witko K.
Studia Pastoralne
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2020
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vol. 16
36-54
EN
This article is about proclaiming the faith of the Church in the modern world in a pastoral and theological perspective. The starting point is a discourse combining the living tradition of the Church and the communal and personal experience of Christian faith. The second point presents the content and structure of the apostolic kerygma, showing its ecclesial background and paschal source. Finally, in the third point, the dialogue between Christian faith and the modern world was emphasized. We are talking here about the soteriological and eschatological perspective of the presence of the Church in the world, which, genetically speaking, comes from theological reflection on the basic mysteries of the Christian faith: the Incarnation, Redemption and Resurrection. The consequence of this approach to the problem is the postulate that the Christian message must be sensitive to the challenges of the present time, and at the same time deeply rooted in the Paschal experience of the Church’s faith and practice.
6

Katecheza i liturgia według katechez Cyryla Jerozolimskiego (+387)

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Witko K.
Studia Pastoralne
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2017
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vol. 13
203-220
EN
Since its beginnings Christianity has shown a close and direct connection with liturgy and catechesis. Cyril of Jerusalem is a privileged witness to their mutual relation in the ancient Church. The paper seeks to show the liturgical and theological depth of his catechetical heritage in four points: Cyril of Jerusalem – witness to the baptismal catechesis of the fourth century; three dimensions of the baptismal catechesis of Cyril of Jerusalem (dogmatic, moral and sacramental one); typological interpretation of the Scriptures, mystagogical catechesis of Cyril of Jerusalem and their relation with liturgy. In the conclusion we draw readers’ attention to a sacramental perspective of the Christian vision of the history of Catechesis of Cyril of Jerusalem that remains valid for contemporary Christians.
7

Le Catechisme pour adultes des eveques de France: un expose officiel de la foi pour aujurd’hui

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Witko K.
Studia Pastoralne
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2016
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vol. 12
182-203
EN
The article is to show importance and topicality of preaching the faith of the Church in the contemporary world on the basis of of the Catechism for adults (Le Catéchisme pour adultes), issued by the French Episcopate in 1991. The starting point of the paper is presentation of a general outline, plan and purpose of the analysed Catechism, which focuses its message on the biblical idea of God’s covenant with people throughout the ages. Also, the leading theme of the Catechism has been highlighted an attempt of a dialogue between the Christian faith and the culture of the contemporary West. The second point shows a sacramental, moral and spiritual dimension of a catechetical message of the French bishops. Finally, in the third point, while emphasising an ecclesial background and paschal source of the episcopal teaching, the author provides us with his own reflection on a potential widening the horizon of preaching the faith of the Church in the contemporary world based on a postulate of a theology of Christian existence. He claims that the Christian faith is to be sensitive to challenges of the contemporary world and at the same time deeply rooted in a specific experience of the paschal faith and practice of the Church.
8

L’Eucharistie – sacrement de la non-violence? Esquisse de rèponse et de mise en perspective

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Witko K.
Studia Pastoralne
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2015
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vol. 11
208-221
EN
This article aims at presentation of an outline of a particular issue of the contemporary sacramental theology – Eucharist as the sacrament of non-violence attitude. The paper focuses on three major themes. Firstly I offer a short description of a Passover feast of Jesus with the Apostles in the Cenacle in the synoptic Gospels in order to show the New Testament context and Christ-oriented character of the analysed issue. The second part offers an analysis of a traditional notion of “the Sacrifice of the Holy Mass” understood as participation of believers in the sacrifice of thanksgiving offered by Christ to His Father in order to re-establish a new and everlasting Covenant between God and people. Celebration of Eucharist takes place in the attitude of rejection of all forms of violence and in the spirit of service, as it has been shown by the Lord. This is why in the last part of the paper I underline the existential-and-spiritual dimension, which for a believer is the foundation of non-violence attitude. Celebration of Eucharist in its very essence is a real entrance of a Christian into life of Christ. This means that a Christian is always the same person – be it during Eucharist, in every day life situations, during liturgy and situations of a testimony. Entire life of a Christian is gradually turned into Eucharist, from which non-violence rule springs out. The sacrament of Eucharist describes not only the rule of faith, but also the rule of conduct.
9
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U zarania łacińskiego pojęcia osoby (persona). Przyczynek do teologicznego myślenia o osobie

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Witko K.
Vox Patrum
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2015
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vol. 64
517-528
EN
The article presents the meaning of the term persona in the Latin literature. The author shows that Boetius’ understanding of this term as individuum or ra­tionalis naturae individua substantia is not sufficient. The author proposes to ex­plore Tertullian’s teaching about the human person. This ancient theologian used the term persona in a Christian sense. Thus he contributed to the development of the Christian vocabulary. We notice that in the Patristic sources there are keys for the theological reflection about the human person in a soteriological aspect; we can better understand the true nature of the human being (or person) in the light of the work of salvation accomplished by Jesus Christ.
10
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Refleksje wokół teorii zaangażowania i czynu w ujęciu E. Mouniera

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Witko K.
Roczniki Teologii Dogmatycznej
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2010
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vol. 2
131-142
EN
Politicians, philosophers, sociologists, educators, and priests often declare their belief that there is a universal crisis of political, civil, and existential commitment among the youth and adults. E. Mounier’s philosophical and existential output is undoubtedly one of the more interesting reflections on authentic commitment in twentieth-century thinkers. It seems, however, that the thought of the French personalist has not been sufficiently accepted, nor appropriately appreciated. It is not just a matter of the moment. His theory of act and commitment is firmly based on the ethics of responsibility for one another and the indispensable dignity of the human person. This paper is an attempt to bring closer some aspects of Mounier’s theory of act. His work may open a horizon for further reflections. After all this sketch should allow the reader to better grasp the concept of commitment from the angle of Christian personalism that is fundamental for the understanding of the mystery of the person.
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