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EN
In the article, I focuss on the theme of the political views of Jan Lechoń during his New York exile, which emerged in his literary work, letters, and Dziennik. The main elements of the political stance of the author of Srebrne i czarne were in that time: resolute anti-communism, critical assessment of the actions of the government in exile, his declared admiration for America, and a nostalgia for the interwar period (idealising Józef Piłsudski). The discussed views of the poet exerted a considerable influence on his personal life, which was proven by the politically motivated breaking off his long-time relations with Julian Tuwim. One important problem is where to locate Lechoń’s dissatisfaction with the political changes in Poland, which he stated often, within the reasons for his suicide.
PL
Transport publiczny stanowi jeden z najważniejszych elementów rozwoju gospodarki oraz przestrzeni społecznej, na której występuje. W związku z tym bardzo istotne jest prawidłowe zorganizowanie oraz zaplanowanie sprawnej i odpornej na zakłócenia sieci transportowej, która umożliwi uzyskanie zakładanych celów stawianych przed transportem publicznym, zarówno tych gospodarczych, jak i społecznych. W artykule dokonano analizy strukturalnej – z wykorzystaniem teorii grafów – sieci kolejowej Kolei Wielkopolskich celem oceny jej struktury pod kątem organizacyjnym i funkcjonalnym. Sieć ta wykorzystywana jest m.in. do współrealizacji transportu zbiorowego w obrębie Aglomeracji Poznańskiej oraz okolicznych terenów.
EN
Public transport is one of the most important elements in the development of the economy and the social space in which it functions. It is therefore very important to properly organize and plan a smooth and resilient transport network that will meet the stated objectives of public transport, both economic and social. The article presents a structural analysis with the use of graph theory for the Koleje Wielkopolskie [Wielkopolskie Railways] railway network to assess its structure in terms of the organizational and functional aspects. The network is used, among others, in co-realization of the public transport within the Warsaw agglomeration and the surrounding areas.
EN
The limiting of personal freedom in interwar Italy resulted directly from the fascist approach to the state-individual relationship. The idea of leaving the citizens the broadest individual freedom, and limiting state law activities to the minimum was completely alien to fascist ideologies. The goal of the article was to consider how the problem of freedom in a fascist state was treated by right-wing supporters of that ideology in Poland. For the analysis, I use, e.g. the journalism of W. Jabłonkowski (Amica Italia), R. Rybarski (articles published in Myśl Narodowa), A. Łaszowski (Analiza łez krokodylich), K. Zbyszewski (a column series Ryżową szczotką), A. Nowaczyński (Sempre avanti), J. Waldorff (Sztuka pod dyktaturą), and F. Goetel (Pod znakiem faszyzmu). As the interpretative context, I also used the poetry of A.M. Swinarski, and a play by Nowaczyński entitled Cezar i człowiek.
EN
The subject of this article is the relationship between literature and the text of song. First part of article concerns the songs which texts approach to literature and begin to exist in the listeners' consciousness independently from the melody. In contemporary Polish music are this: Niech żyje bal, Autobiografia, Nie pytaj o Polskę or Wychowanie. Texts of these songs are analysed and interpreted. Second part of article tells about poems which serve as texts of songs. The author of article shows twentieth-century Polish poets, which texts be sung (Julian Tuwim, Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński, Edward Stachura, Ewa Lipska etc.) and using with poems musicians (Czesław Niemen, Marek Grechuta, Ewa De-marczyk, Grzegorz Turnau). The author writes also about methods of adaptation of poems on need of songs.
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy statystycznej usług magazynowych realizowanych w Polsce w latach 2006–2015. Celem artykułu jest ocena poziomu realizacji tych usług oraz próba określenia przyczyn obecnego stanu. Przeprowadzone analizy dynamiki oraz trendu zmian na rynku magazynowym przyrównano do poziomu PKB w Polsce. Jako metodę badawczą wykorzystano metody statystyczne. Przeprowadzone analizy pozwoliły na uzyskanie informacji o obecnym stanie i efektywności usług magazynowych w Polsce.
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