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CHANGES OF CONSUMPTION DIRECTIONS WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON FOOD CONSUMPTION

100%
Bednarz J.
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
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2012
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vol. 5
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issue 1-2
17-28
EN
Within last 30 years, in the modern societies, especially those more wealthy ones, relatively deep transformation took place in respect of purchasers' preferences and expectations as well as the values presented by them. These changes also apply to foodstuffs. Food products belong to the ones bought regularly and they take and important position in the structure of household expenditures. The article concentrates on the presentation of changes taking place in the European societies in respect of consumption, with particular stress on the foodstuffs. An attempt was also made to show the specificity of food producers' activities being the response to the current changes.
2
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SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN POLAND: FINANCIAL ASPECTS

100%
Bednarz J.
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
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2008
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vol. 1
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issue ISSUE1
93-105
EN
This paper describes the role of small and medium-sized enteprises in Polish economy. It concentrates on problems with finding necessary sources of financing for their current activity and investment and the capabilities of obtaining such means in banks.
3

Wpływ wizerunku Polski na konkurencyjność międzynarodową polskich przedsiębiorstw

100%
Bednarz J.
International Business and Global Economy
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2014
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vol. Volume 33
470–481
EN
The article concentrates on a presentation of the core of the country image and the country-of-origin effect as well as the influence of these elements on the building of the competitive advantage of business entities on foreign markets. The attention is focused on the example of Poland and Polish companies. The author tries to find out whether the image of Poland, as it is perceived abroad, may be a potentially problematic element in the expansion of Polish enterprises onto foreign markets. It seems that “Polishness” constitutes a rather neutral element of the export offer on the European market; some Polish enterprises even noticed a positive influence of the associations related to Poland. The author also submits a thesis that this rather disadvantageous perception of Poland and Poles based on the stereotypes rooted in the past is gradually improving. Upon writing this article, the results of surveys prepared by Polish institutions and universities as well as the results of an unpublished survey carried out by the author were used. Empirical research entitled “Foreign Expansion of Polish Foodstuff, Cosmetic, and Apparel Branches on German, Czech, Russian, and Ukrainian Markets” was carried out in Poland in the mid-2012.
4

Motywy ekspansji zagranicznej polskich przedsiębiorstw ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ryzyka politycznego

100%
Bednarz J.
International Business and Global Economy
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2015
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vol. Volume 34
22–33
EN
The need for facing up the competitors and the wish to build the competitive advantage on the market contribute to enterprises’ expansion abroad. The decision concerning geographical expansion may be caused by making advantage of chances which appear on foreign markets. Nevertheless, it can also happen that adverse conditions of the enterprise’s external environment make the presence in the host country difficult or even impossible. This situation can appear when the political risk occurs in the country of expansion. The purpose of this paper is to present the characteristics of the enterprises’ motives of expansion on foreign markets with particular emphasis on the nature and specificity of political risk. In order to illustrate this important problem, the author made a synthetic analysis of the business environment in Ukraine and Russia during the conflict in the East of Europe. In the paper two types of research methods were used: methods of data collection and methods of organising and processing information.
5
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Family enterprises in Polish consumers’ mindset in the light of international tendencies

63%
Bednarz J., Nikodemska-Wołowik A. M.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2017
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vol. 29
5-22
EN
Aim/purpose – The main aim of the paper is to fill in the gap in the existing literature as well as to propose a set of specific family enterprises’ (FE) attributes concerning certain socioeconomic conditions in Poland. The objectives of the article are interrelated with two theses. H1 assumes that in current literature there is a little attention paid to the demand side of the market, particularly to the individual consumers (including young buyers) and their attitudes toward FEs. H2 indicates that the perception of Polish FEs changes considerably reflecting the international trends. Design/methodology/approach – The authors studied a consolidated profound review of recent international and Polish publications on FEs. The expert interviews and in-depth individual interviews were conducted. Both empirical studies brought a preliminary insight into overall consumer perception of the FEs in Poland. Findings – For several years Polish buyers have been dynamically changing their mindset, breaking the stereotype of FEs’ owners. Nowadays, tradition and quality are two attributes which are associated closely with Polish FEs. Customers indicate that FEs are trustworthy, responsible, solid and dependable. They also highlight the ethnocentric attitude toward these companies – Polishness. All these attributes are evidently appreciated. FEs are correlated with traditional industries and products, especially with groceries, cosmetics, clothes, shoes, jewelry, furniture, windows and doors. Research implications/limitations – The identity of FEs is not always communicated properly. Consumers often cannot ascertain a provenance of their offer as many FEs do not emphasize their family identity. Additionally, on the Polish market, consumers are occasionally misled considering the family ownership of a business. Originality/value/contribution – The studies indicate a set of attributes typical of Polish FEs underpinning their strong identity which should be explicitly conveyed to the public, with special regard to young consumers.
6
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FROM CONFRONTATION TO COOPERATION – INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT IN BUILDING COOPERATION OF POLISH ENTERPRISES

63%
Bednarz J., Markiewicz M.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 3
89-115
EN
The article presents results of critical theoretical and empirical analysis of cooperation between Polish enterprises based on two models: made by T. Ozawa and M.E. Porter, and followed by market research concerning opportunities to support cooperation of Polish enterprises. Polish companies seem to opt for confrontation as the main market strategy, basing on the development of one company while worsening the position of rivals at the same time. The aim of this paper is to show possibilities in supporting Polish companies to build their capabilities, as well as identifying barriers, in transition from confrontation to cooperation. The article is divided into four parts. In the first part, the stages of development of economy and enterprises in Europe are defined with reference to T. Ozawa model. The analysis covers the internationally recognised innovation indicators with regard to cooperation aspects. In the second part, the authors analyse the essence and forms of cooperation between companies. The third part of the paper concentrates on the market research of the support means available for Polish enterprises. In conclusion, a brief summary of the main findings was given, concerning the opportunities and barriers of institutional approach towards cooperation between Polish enterprises. In the paper, two types of research methods were used: methods of data collection and methods of organizing and processing information, especially methods of systems, cause and logical analysis of institutional support.
7
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Family Enterprises in the Context of Consumer Ethnocentrism and Relationship-Building

63%
Nikodemska-Wołowik A. M., Bednarz J.
Problemy Zarządzania
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2019
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issue 1/2019 (81)
77-92
EN
Previous research on family entrepreneurship has given relatively little consideration to the attitudes of consumers towards Family Enterprises (FEs). The aim of the article is to deepen our understanding of consumer behaviour towards FEs. The paper’s theoretical framework is based on two concepts: consumer ethnocentrism and commitment-trust theory in relationship marketing. The article employs a grounded-theory methodology, whose primary purpose is to develop theoretical underpinnings of consumer behaviour towards FEs. The paper is based on latent participant observation and individual in-depth interviews conducted in 2017. The findings indicate that FEs do not communicate their family identity explicitly and that consumers adopt ethnocentric attitudes towards FEs. Furthermore, young buyers should be treated as an important challenge for FEs. The article concludes by emphasizing implications for theory and business practice which are applicable beyond the Polish context.
PL
W dotychczasowych badaniach nad przedsiębiorczością rodzinną niewiele uwagi poświęcono nastawieniu konsumentów do przedsiębiorstw rodzinnych (FE). Celem artykułu jest przyczynienie się do zrozumienia zachowań konsumentów wobec tych podmiotów. Zastosowano dwie koncepcje teoretyczne: etnocentryzmu konsumenckiego i zaufania opartego na zaangażowaniu w marketingu relacji. Badania oparto na teorii ugruntowanej, by stworzyć ramy konceptualne dla studiów nad FE i ich klientami. W 2017 roku przeprowadzono obserwację uczestniczącą i indywidualne wywiady pogłębione. Studia te wykazały, iż FE nie komunikują otwarcie swej rodzinnej tożsamości, a konsumenci przejawiają postawy etnocentryczne wobec tych FE, które są im znane. Ponadto, poważne wyzwanie dla FE stanowią zachowania młodych konsumentów. Proponowana procedura ma charakter uniwersalny i może być traktowana jako pewne podejście badawcze w wymiarze międzynarodowym.
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