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Kryzys migracyjny na wschodniej granicy UE – rola Europolu we współpracy w bezpieczeństwie wewnętrznym

100%

Jakubczak W.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

2021

vol. 70

229-244

Achieving the high level of internal security is one of the European Union priorities. The EU’s internal security policy is realized caring for freedom, safety, and justice. The EU will encounter new challenges resulting from the migration crisis. Although it lasts many years, now it takes a new turn. The EU has to tighten cooperation at many dimensions to ensure the highest level of security. EU agencies support internal security cooperation by engaging into the fight against migration crisis results and enhancing state forces for border protection. In the context of deliberations on cooperation in internal security, it is worth to debate on the role of one of them – Europol, and the European Migrant Smuggling Centre (EMSC) that operates under its auspices. The answer to the migration crisis must be more complex and consider the needs of transit and receiving states, and migrants themselves.

Osiągnięcie wysokiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego jest jednym z priorytetów Unii Europejskiej. Politykę bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego UE realizuje, dbając o przestrzeń wolności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwości. Wobec kryzysu migracyjnego, który trwa już od wielu lat, a obecnie ma nowe oblicze, przed UE pojawiają się nowe wyzwania. UE musi zacieśnić współpracę na wielu poziomach tak, by zapewnić jak najwyższy poziom bezpieczeństwa. Agencje UE wspomagające współpracę w bezpieczeństwie wewnętrznym angażują się w walkę z efektami kryzysu migracyjnego i wspierają siły państwowe przy ochronie granic. Rolę jednej z nich –Europolu – oraz działającego w jego ramach Europejskiego Centrum Zwalczania Przemytu Migrantów – EMSC warto poruszyć w aspekcie rozważań nad współpracą w bezpieczeństwie wewnętrznym. Odpowiedź na kryzys migracyjny musi być bardziej kompleksowa i brać pod uwagę potrzeby zarówno migrantów, jak i państw przyjmujących czy tranzytowych.

Psychosocial Effects of the Pandemic. Stress and Sense of Safety Experienced by Poles During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020–2021

51%

Piec R., Szykuła-Piec B., Grabowska-Lepczak I. H., Jakubczak W.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

2022

issue 4(51)

125-139

The pandemic that broke out in 2019 had a significant impact on the lives of all social groups around the world. The imposed restrictions and mandatory quarantine were crucial to limit the virus’s spread. The research comprises an analysis of the psychosocial impact exerted by the pandemic that attempted to determine the response to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. For this purpose, a study on social resilience in the pandemic era was worked out. The study consisted of several parts: stress and the sense of safety, education, trust and defined needs and the mass media in COVID-19. The research team decided to present the study’s results in a series of articles that will contribute to forming a complete picture of the community in the context of the analysed variables. The paper is the first in this series. It contains an analysis of variables intended to determine the level of the experienced sense of safety and its constituent, i.e., stress, and the identification of socio-demographic data strongly influencing the studied variables. The study comprised 559 individuals who were surveyed between May 2020 and November 2020 with the use of an online survey questionnaire. SPSS Statistics version 21.0 and PQStat were used to conduct statistical analyses and correlate and assess the correlation of responses. Also used were Chisquare, Fisher’s test and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. A logistic regression analysis was carried out for dichotomous variables. The results of the study indicate that the level of experienced stress is influenced by age, place of residence, gender and job security. The sense of safety is inversely correlated with stress, i.e., as stress increases, the sense of safety decreases, indicating a need to undertake appropriate measures to reduce stress. It may be interesting to compare the level of stress with, among other things, information retrieval from different sources. These results will be presented in the subsequent studies.

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1 Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

1 Polish Political Science Yearbook

2 Jakubczak W.

1 Grabowska-Lepczak I. H.

1 Piec R.

1 Szykuła-Piec B.

1 2022

1 2021

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Kryzys migracyjny na wschodniej granicy UE – rola Europolu we współpracy w bezpieczeństwie wewnętrznym

Psychosocial Effects of the Pandemic. Stress and Sense of Safety Experienced by Poles During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020–2021