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EN
The article is devoted to the cerebral organisation of language. This work is intended as a state-of-the-art paper describing current research and theory in some subfields of cognitive neuroscience that may be of importance for the glottodidactics. Part 1 focuses on the issue of lateralization of language. Part 2 provides information on evaluation procedures in brain and points out that language, cognition and emotion can't be viewed as separate elements of mental processing. An attempt has been made to elucidate the role of epigenetic determinations in learning process. In part 3 experimental aspects of neurolinguistics are emphasized, such as aphasia research, advanced brain mapping techniques as essential steps toward better understanding the neural correlates of language functions, and a review how event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to reflect semantic and syntactic processing in normal adults and children.
EN
Unemployment benefits are benefits paid during the job search. The impact of these benefits on the labour market is not clear. It is often stated in the literature that one of the basic channels of impact of unemployment benefits on the labour market is based on the reservation wage. This paper attempts to answer the question whether the reservation wages in Poland are changing under the influence of unemployment benefits. The survey was conducted based on individual data from the Polish Labour Force Survey (BAEL). The results confirm the influence of the benefits system, both on the reservation wages and on the wages obtained after the job search. Unemployment benefits in Poland raise the average reservation wages for job seekers, and this effect persists even after the end of the benefit period. Job seekers who receive unemployment benefits obtain slightly higher wages than other unemployed.
PL
W artykule skoncentrowano się na identyfikacji zmian wprowadzonych w obrębie pasywnej polityki rynku pracy w okresie kryzysu, tj. lat 2008-2013. Wyodrębniono zmiany o charakterze systemowym, trwale zmieniające zasady funkcjonowania zasiłków dla bezrobotnych, oraz te o charakterze czasowym. Dostrzeżono fakt, iż wprowadzane zmiany mogły oddziaływać pozytywnie na sytuację na rynku pracy, łagodząc bezpośrednie skutki kryzysu. Niemniej analizy przyjętych założeń będących bezpośrednim uzasadnieniem wprowadzanych zmian wskazują, że rozwiązania te były wprowadzane w odpowiedzi na obserwowaną w latach wcześniejszych i prognozowaną w kolejnych latach poprawę sytuacji na rynku pracy. Zderzenie z realiami skutkowało odejściem od przyjętych wcześniej celów. Zmiany w pasywnej polityce rynku pracy związane były więc z chęcią ograniczania wydatków na nie, a nie były odpowiedzią na zmieniającą się sytuację na rynku pracy.
EN
The article analyses modifications implemented in passive labour market policy during the crisis i.e. the time period 2008-2013. Institutional changes of temporal and permanent character are identified. Changes could have possessed positive impact on the labour market by diminishing unfavourable discrepancies aroused during the crisis. Solutions were, however, applied on the basis of assumptions undertaken during the optimistic situation experienced on the market during pre-crisis period and forecasted for future one. Real time data affected the predefined goals. In the outcome implemented solutions resulted from the need to cut expenditures and not from changing situation on the market.
4
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Ethnophaulismen in translatorischer Perspektive

100%
Glottodidactica
|
2017
|
vol. 44
|
issue 1
77-96
PL
The subject of this paper is the translational challenge which is translating linguistic representations of national stereotypes, depicted on the examples of ethnonyms of a pejorative overtone, used by representatives of one nation towards another, such as: szwab in Polish and Piefke, Tschusch and Katzelmacher in German. The claim of the article is that the transfer of ethnophaulisms is to be based on their duality as assertive and expressive speech acts.
DE
The subject of this paper is the translational challenge which is translating linguistic representations of national stereotypes, depicted on the examples of ethnonyms of a pejorative overtone, used by representatives of one nation towards another, such as: szwab in Polish and Piefke, Tschusch and Katzelmacher in German. The claim of the article is that the transfer of ethnophaulisms is to be based on their duality as assertive and expressive speech acts.
EN
The article aims at assessing the impact of degression rule in unemployment benefits level implemented on January 1st, 2010 on transition probability from unemployment to employment. According to new conditions magnitude of unemployment benefit decreases when unemployment duration increases. Empirical analysis based on micro data from Labour Force Survey 2008 – 2010 period shows negative impact of entitlement on search efficiency and indicates that introduced changes have not proved the situation. The unemployed receiving benefits, regardless of rules according to which it was granted, more often than other unemployed workers performed relatively less efficient job search methods.
PL
Artykuł zawiera próbę oceny wpływu wprowadzonej 1 stycznia 2010 roku zasady degresji wysokości wypłacanego zasiłku wraz z upływem czasu poszukiwania pracy na prawdopodobieństwo znalezienia zatrudnienia przez osoby bezrobotne. Badanie przeprowadzone w oparciu o dane mikroekonomiczne Badania Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności za okres 2008 – 2010 potwierdziło negatywny wpływ posiadania uprawnień do zasiłku na skuteczność poszukiwań pracy oraz wskazało, że wprowadzone zmiany nie poprawiły sytuacji w tym zakresie. Zasiłkobiorcy, którzy uzyskali prawo do zasiłku na zasadach obowiązujących zarówno przed jak i po 2010 r., częściej niż bezrobotni bez prawa do zasiłku szukając pracy, podejmowali działania charakteryzujące się obiektywnie niższą skutecznością.
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