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Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
|
2014
|
vol. 5
|
issue 1
89-100
PL
Teatralna koncepcja dramatu, jak twierdzą badacze, jest nierozerwalnie związana ze zja¬wiskiem Wielkiej Reformy Teatru. Podkreśla to pierwotną zależność obydwu dziedzin sztuki i owej więzi odrodzenie. W prezentowanym szkicu ośrodkiem zainteresowania stały się wybrane dramaty powstające w pierwszym trzydziestoleciu XX wieku i teorie zmierzające ku odnowie oblicza sceny, których autorami byli zarówno Prawodawcy Reformy: Craig, Appia i Fuchs, jak i ich spadkobiercy: Jessner, Reinhardt. Prześledzenie struktury dramatu ujawnia zaskakujące zbieżności z tymi teoriami. Ich jednak odkrycie, co należy podkreślić, staje się możliwe wyłącz¬nie dzięki takiemu rozumieniu dzieła dramatycznego, które eksponuje istniejącą w nim wizję teatralną i jego teatralne przeznaczenie. Dlatego też wykorzystanie właśnie tej teorii pozwala na lepsze zrozumienie dramaturgii, odkrycie związków ze współczesnym jej teatrem i nierzadko również prześledzenie zmian zachodzących w samym teatrze, jako że nierzadko właśnie w dziele dramatycznym postulat reformowania teatru przetrwał próbę czasu.
EN
Theatrical concept of drama, as it is assumed by researchers, is inseparably connected with the Great Theatre Reform. It emphasises its primary dependence of both areas of art and the renaissance of this bond. The presented sketch focuses on selected plays written in the first three decades of 20th century and theories aiming at the revival of stage vision suggested by authors were both the Reform creators Braig, Appia and Fuchs, as well as their followers Jessner and Reinhardt. The analysis of the play structure reveals striking similarities with these theories. However, what must be emphasised, their discovery becomes possible only if the work of drama exhibits a theatrical vision involved in it and its theatrical purpose. Therefore, the use of this specific theory allows for better understanding of drama, discovering its connections with its contemporary and frequently following changes happening in the theatre because it is in the work of drama where frequently the postulate of reforming the theatre stood the test of time.
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 1
101-109
PL
Dramaturgia przełomu XIX i XX wieku stanowi niezwykle ciekawe zjawisko. Jest ona pełna różnorodnych koncepcji, idei, poszukiwań i pytań. Wśród nich oczywiście jedno z najbardziej eksponowanych miejsc zajmuje pytanie o sens (lub bezsens) kultury, cywilizacji i świata. Wydaje się, że dramaturdzy tego okresu, w głębokim przekonaniu o nadchodzącym kresie dotychczasowych wartości, porządku i sensu, starają się odnaleźć i zaprezentować w swoich dziełach świat przyszłości - stworzony z poszukiwania i przekonania. Wśród dramatów tego okresu odnaleźć można zarówno eschatologiczne proroctwa, jak i najbardziej odległe wizje uporządkowanego świata, są one więc swoistym poszukiwaniem sensu w bezsensie. Dodatkowo można w nich odnaleźć różne stanowiska światopoglądowe, kształtujące światy sensu: od Sołowiowskich krain Duszy Świata, poprzez religijne reminiscencje i transformacje po obrazy futurystyczne.
XX
Dramaturgy of 19th and 20th century breakthrough is an amazingly interesting phenomenon. It is full of various concepts, ideas, researches and questions. There is one question which is obviously one of the most exposed places, the question of sense (or nonsense) of culture, civilisation and world. It seems that dramaturges of that period, in deep belief about the coming end of existing values, peace and sense try to find and present in their pieces of art the world of the future—created from searching and belief. Among the dramas from that period we can find both eschatological prophesies and most remote visions of peaceful world, therefore they are characteristic searching of sense in nonsense. Furthermore, among them we can find various outlooks on life, creating sense worlds: from Solovyov’s land of Souls World through religious reminiscences and transformations to futuristic pictures.
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
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2016
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vol. 7
|
issue 4
87-96
PL
Nikołaj Jewreinow należy do grona najwybitniejszych artystów teatru początku XX wieku. W swoich utworach odnosił się do aktualnych pomysłów reformowania teatru, stworzył własną koncepcję jego rozumienia oraz położył podwaliny pod teorię psychodramy. Materiałem egzemplifikującym powyższe twierdzenia stały się wybrane teksty autora: W kulisach duszy (psychodrama), To, co najważniejsze (koncepcja Jewreinowa), Co nie ma imienia, albo co śniło się biednej dziewczynie (teorie drugiego etapu reformy).
EN
Nikolai Evreinov is one of the most prominent theatre artists on the beginning of the 20th century. In his works refer to current ideas of reforming the theatre has created its own concept of understanding theatre and laid the groundwork for the theory of psychodrama. The analysis have become the chosen author’s dramas: In the backstage of the soul (psychodrama), What is the most important (self-concept of the theatre) and What has no name, or what dreamed poor girl (conceptions of the second stage of the reform of theatre). Their analysis proves the veracity made in the article postulates.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia historię wystawień sztuk Daniiła Charmsa we współczesnych Niemczech. Autorka artykułu zwraca uwagę na zainteresowanie zarówno badaczy, jak i widzów twórczością Charmsa. Wskazuje poszczególne spektakle, które powstały w ostatnich latach: od Elżbiety Bam do spektaklu teatru WIRLT. Dramaturgia Charmsa w Niemczech cieszy się dużą popularnością i jest ciągle obiektem zainteresowania twórców teatralnych. Zdaniem autorki spektakle powstające na jej podstawie oddają ducha i ideały tekstów oberiuty.
EN
This Article present the story of performances of dramas Daniil Charms in modern Germany. Author of the article draws attention to the interest of researchers and spectators Charms works. It indicates the particular performances created in the last time: Elizabeth Bam and the play WIRTL. The dramaturgy of Charms is very popular in Germany and it is the object of interest of theater artists. According to the author the performances they show the spirit and ideas of the text of Charms.
RU
Настoящая статья является попыткой представить сценические постановки пьес Данилuа Хармса, возникшие в современной Германии. Автор статьи обращает внимание на сушествующий в Германии интерес к творчеству Хармса так среди исследователей, как и зрителей. Автор упоминает спектакли возникщие в последнее время: Елисавету Бам и новейший спектакль WIRTL. По мнению автора эти спектакли отражают ценности литературного подлинника.
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
119-129
PL
Niniejsze rozważania dotyczą trzech aspektów funkcjonowania dramatu w przestrzeni wirtualnej: w bibliotece internetowej (tekstu), archiwum wirtualnym (zdjęć i materiałów ze spektaklu) i spektaklu w przestrzeni Internetu. Dwa pierwsze sposoby istnienia zostały uznane za cenne źródło informacji, umożliwiające badanie tekstów mało popularnych (szczególnie tekstów rosyjskich i niemieckich z przełomu XIX i XX wieku). Trzeci z nich, omówiony na przykładzie spektakli Jewgienija Griszkowca („Pożegnanie z papierem”) rodzi dylematy teoretyczne. Spektakl jest tu bowiem tworem prymarnym w stosunku do tekstu. W takim przypadku niemożliwa jest jakakolwiek analiza bez znajomości spektaklu, który istnieje również w przestrzeni internetowej. Jest więc częścią świata cyfrowego.
XX
This paper discusses three aspects of the drama in virtual space: Internet library (text), virtual archives (photos and performance materials), and performance in the Internet space. The first two modes of existence were considered valuable source of information, enabling study of little popular texts (especially Russian and German ones from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century). The third mode, discussed with reference to the play of Evgenij Grishkovec („Out of paper”), raises theoretical dilemmas. The show is here primary in relation to the text. In this case, no analysis is possible without knowing the performance, which also exists in the Internet space. It is therefore part of the digital world.
EN
In this article author discusses the play/performance of Andrzej Sadowski Mayakovski reactivation. In the structure of the performance, he notices elements of the poet’s biography, elements taken from a computer game, elements referring to Majakowski’s texts (intertext). All this makes the performance become a kind of game with Majakowski’s texts and at the same time plays with contemporary conventions, expressed in the form of virtual reality. It also creates a reality referring to alternative history
EN
The aim of this essay is to try to apply the theory of researching the literary work created in the 20th century – geopoetics – to the text of the emigration drama by Nikolai Yevreinov. The author points to the difficulty she encounters when using this theory to study drama. She points out that the category of time and space is associated to a higher degree with performance. Nevertheless, the structure of the playwright’s two texts shows connotations in the theory: creating a foreign space and creating a remembered space meets the assumptions of the event-generating and world-giving attitude of the subject.
EN
The purpose of this article is to show the character of death as a full-fledged hero of a literary work. The author analyzes Hofmannstahl’s dramas: The Fool and the Death, Great Salzburg’s World Theater, Chlebnikov: Death’s Bug, Krzanowski’s Death throws bones. The images of death that appear in them present it as the messenger of God and the companion of the journey to the land of the beginning. In this performance, it loses its scary features. Otherwise, the author uses folk imagery of death. Then it is endowed with human qualities – it can be deceived, though it can not be won with it.
EN
In the presented sketch, the author indicates the problem of changing the approach to the role of theater in human life in three works by Nikolai Yevreinov: A Beautiful Despot, What is Most Important and The Theater of Eternal War. The author initially perceives theater as an attempt to build an artificial reality for his own convenience and whim, so it is an escape from reality. In subsequent plays, his image changes – at first it becomes a beautiful fairy tale, an attempt at therapy and making people happy using theatrical methods. In the final part of the Double Theater trilogy, it becomes a method of revealing the true face. However, as the author points out, this is not the only way to understand the role of theater – it can also be just theater – another artificial reality.
Acta Neophilologica
|
2024
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vol. 26
|
issue 2
120-127
EN
The subject of this sketch is a reflection on two productions of Gorky’s The Lower Depths by Leon Schiller and Krystian Lupa. The starting point for the analysis is the remarks situating Gorky's drama within the circle of philosophical problems. In this understanding, it becomes a story about the strength and power of man, as well as the conflict between truth and lies. Despite the stereotypes regarding the perception of this drama, thanks to the successful techniques and gimmicks used by both directors, the performances created by them became the apotheosis of man. They also responded to the need of their times – the power of creation of the post-war time and the power of the dream of the present. In both cases, they managed to see and show the universal values encoded in the text, resulting in multidimensional performances that interpret Gorky's text in a universal and timeless way.
EN
The article is an attempt at analysing Mary’s Tuesday, one of Mikhail Kuzmin’s plays. The structure of this piece on the one hand refers to a puppet play, while on the other hand reveals the links with medieval genres. In this article, it is maintained that Kuzmin used the experiences of creating a medieval mystery play and introduced interludes in the text. As a result, the text became a sui generis mystery play about searching for happiness and complying with the etiquette. Additionally, such a reading is supported by the reference to a puppet play, which makes it possible to argue that each of the personas only plays his or her role and is but a puppet operated by the Supreme Being.
EN
The subject matter of the present analysis is Łukasz Czuj’s production titled “The Government Inspector”. The authoress juxtaposes the original text with the aforementioned interpretation, and points to numerous discrepancies. The divergences noticeable in Czuj’s production, such as different space arrangement, shift of focus, change in the genre, may result from the director’s fascination with the Russian culture of the 20s and 30s. However, the divergences are not motivated by the text of the drama, which leads to the conclusion that Czuj’s version, though admittedly interesting, is unfortunately inconsistent with the assumptions of the text.
PL
Zamyatin’s dramatic works cannot boast popularity. The Flea was staged twice in the 1920s, after which time it fell into oblivion for quite a long time. After 80 years the drama was staged again, it was not very successful though. The author makes an attempt to point to the reasons for its oblivion as well as its later unsuccessful stage production. Text analysis proves that the drama is a reflection of the postulates formulated by such reformers as Wachtangow and Jewreinow. Their production concepts, theatricality of performance is hidden in the construction of space. What brings it closer to a reform is its connection with the folk theater, or a use of stage acting which is characteristic of the reform. The author claims that all this might have been the reason for its unfavorable acclaim. In fact, the text makes use of particular postulates, and therefore it has to be staged in a particular theatrical convention.
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