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Edukacja matematyczna w Polsce w świetle badań i wyników egzaminów zewnętrznych – wybrane aspekty społeczne

100%
Baczko-Dombi A.
Studia BAS
|
2022
|
issue 2(70)
95-117
EN
The aim of this paper is to describe the current state of selected mathematical achievements of Polish students and the most significant social aspects related to mathematical education and its role in the contemporary world. First, the importance of mathematical competences will be discussed with their role in the curriculum of young people entering the labour market. Then, a diagnosis of the state of mathematics teaching in Poland and the results of key educational research conducted in this field (mainly PIAAC, PISA, TIMSS, and the results of external exams in Poland) will be presented. Finally, the so-called non-cognitive aspects related to mathematical education, such as math anxiety or the role of stereotypes, will be discussed.
2
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Droga do „szarej strefy”. Społeczne mechanizmy wykluczenia

63%
Baczko-Dombi A., Giza A.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
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2014
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vol. 63 (LXIII)
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issue 4
107-137
PL
„Szara strefa” jest zjawiskiem wieloaspektowym, którego zrozumienie wymaga odniesienia do czynników społecznych, politycznych, gospodarczych i z zakresu polityki regionalnej. W badaniach nad „szarą strefą” dominuje jednak podejście ekonomiczne, koncentrujące się na identyfikacji jej rozmiaru i czynników ją kształtujących. W badaniu, którego rezultaty prezentujemy w artykule, znalazł się obszerny moduł poświęcony społecznemu wymiarowi „szarej strefy”, a w szczególności trajektoriom zawodowym nierejestrowanych pracowników oraz społecznym postawom wobec niej. Wnioski z badań sugerują, że „szara strefa” jest swoistym i w pełni zalegitymizowanym systemem społecznym, zapewniającym nie tylko korzyści finansowe, ale również społeczne i psychologiczne. Mechanizmy rekrutacji do niej wiążą się z wadliwością systemu edukacji, niską mobilnością w połączeniu z regionalnym zróżnicowaniem rynku pracy, dynamicznym rozwojem sektora usług i niskim zaufaniem do instytucji publicznych. Biorąc pod uwagę aktualne trendy – szczególnie jeśli idzie o system emerytalny, należy się spodziewać utrwalania i rozrostu „szarej strefy”.
EN
The ‘shadow’ (also called ‘grey’ or ‘informal’) economy is a multidimensional, complex phenomenon. Its size and specific features are shaped by various policies – e.g. taxation, labour costs, labour market institutions, economic conditions, social attitudes and habits, as well as regional differentiation and mobility costs. However, these are economic analyses that dominate in the the field of shadow economy, and their focus is on its size and shape. Within the framework of an extensive study for the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, we have developed a specialized substudy devoted to exploring the social aspect of the this segment of the economy. The main focus was on identifying the trajectories which lead people into taking unregistered jobs and work, and attempting to understand the social perception of the shadow economy. The results suggest that unregistered work is a specific, fully legitimate social system which provides people with various benefits: not only economic (avoidance of taxation), but also social and psychological. The mechanisms of recruitment in the unregistered labour market sector (i.e. shadow economy) are clearly linked to inefficiencies of the education system, low mobility in the context of the strong regional variation of local labour markets, the dynamic development of the service sector, and low trust in public institutions. Bearing in mind recent developments and trends – especially in the retirement system – we may predict that the grey economy will rather grow than diminish.
3
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Determinants of Success in Public Opinion in Poland: Factors, Directions and Dynamics of Change

63%
Baczko-Dombi A., Wysmułek I.
Polish Sociological Review
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2015
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vol. 191
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issue 3
277-274
EN
In this paper we present the analysis of changes in perceiving subjective determinants of success in Poland, including implicit attitudes towards the idea of meritocracy. On the basis of factor analysis, we have prepared two scales for the ‘meritocratic’ and ‘family and friends’ dimensions of opinion about path to success. We investigate how support for these scales is differentiated and influenced by sociodemographic characteristics and social class.We accompany in the paper the analysis of ‘meritocratic’ and ‘family and friends’ scales with the analysis of the changing support for individual determinants, such as for example ‘hard work’, ‘good education’ and ‘knowing the right people’. We examine how the opinion of the same group of people on path to success changes over time and to which extend radical changes have occurred in the perception of certain determinants. Our analyses are based on data from the Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN, 1988–2013), where the question as to what conditions success in life was asked in every survey wave. It provides an opportunity to compare attitudes towards success from just before regime transformation and every five years thereafter. We place in the paper a particular emphasis in the paper on previously unanalysed data from the years 2008–2013.
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