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LUDWICK FLECK - AN OUTSIDER, A FORERUNNER, A CLASSIC? (Ludwik Fleck - outsider, prekursor, klasyk?)

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Bytniewski P.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2008
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vol. 34
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issue 2
161-183
EN
The sociology of knowledge is a field of study with a rather blurry disciplinary standing. Its epistemological status (science or meta-science?), disciplinary affiliation (philosophy or sociology?), and even its history (who was the first, more important, etc: Mannheim, Znaniecki, Scheler?) remain vague. This article argues that both the structure and history of the sociology of knowledge produce presentism as an epistemological obstacle. A good example of this phenomenon is Ludwik Fleck's position as both a classic and a forerunner of the sociology of knowledge. As a subdiscipline of sociology, with disciplinary ambitions, the sociology of knowledge explores facts concerning social contexts of the production and proliferation of knowledge. Nevertheless, as a meta-science or philosophy, or even a counter-science, the sociology of knowledge asserts itself a privilege to judge every scientific enterprise in respect of its socio-epistemological dimension. This double determination entangles a self-reflection of the sociology of knowledge: it creates the conditions of possibility as a discipline, and simultaneously reduces its own critical power.
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Michel Foucault: nauki niedojrzaĊ‚e i ich epistemologia

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Bytniewski P.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 1(187)
3-28
EN
The paper provides an overview of various perspectives as well as analysis and expectations concerning the concept of 'immature sciences' suggested by I. Hacking in the context of the Michel Foucault's archeology of knowledge. In this context archeology of knowledge is a kind of epistemology situated beyond standard approaches to the sciences, epistemology, whose main question is: 'How is it possible and how should we examine immature sciences?' The main Foucauldian presumption of this question is: 'But what if empirical knowledge, at a given time and in a given culture, did possess a well-defined regularity? If errors and (truths), the practice of old beliefs, including not only genuine discoveries, but also most naive notions, obeyed, at a given moment, the laws of a certain code of knowledge?' Human sciences are the primary field for such an investigations, because of its peculiar history and specific conceptualizations. What is special in their history? Do this notion (immature sciences) suggest that human sciences are immature by their nature, or in the same manner as bygone forms natural sciences. How can these issues be approached in the archeology? What is capacity of archeology of knowledge to answer this questions?
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