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The main point of view demonstrated in the present paper is to express criticism to those program of foreign language studies which still rely on the traditional approach to language education and favor the development of linguistic competence in students. Harmonious functioning of the contemporary world depends, to much extent, on human coexistence and communication both on the micro and macro scale. In the case of the macro scale contacts, the English language has been sanctioned an international means of communication. The examination of the Internet resources with reference to higher education language programs of studies as well as programs oered by some language schools, shows that the teaching/learning process is mainly concentrated on developing students' linguistic competence. The Polish reality of practical English application in a variety of situations shows that the language user's knowledge, when limited to the linguistic sphere only, is not sucient. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to turn the reader's attention to the need of verication of educational policy, adopted by many higher education institutions, and expand the oered programs of studies by courses directing the teaching/learning process at the functional approach. Hence, the suggested in the present discussion approach would rely on giving priority to the development of communicative competence, instead of linguistic.
EN
Nowadays, education for sustainable development starts covering wider and wider spheres of interest and human activity. Out of the three main spheres of interest, such as environmental, economic, and socio-cultural, the first two mentioned here seem to be given more attention than the sphere of socio-cultural activity. In this respect, the aim of the present paper is to redirect the concern of administrators, researchers and educators preoccupied with sustainability to issues such as equal opportunity, tolerance, respect, and especially foreign language education, being component parts of the socio-cultural sphere. Undoubtedly, competence in the socio-linguistic field becomes the decisive element in negotiations and international contacts which require from the language user to be tactful and tolerant. Since sustainability is not a local issue, all sustainability related problems ought to be discussed on the macro scale, which requires an internationally shared means of communication such as language. Although no name of any language appears in the paper, it becomes evident that the attention is directed towards English as an internationally recognized language or, if necessary, any other language which might serve as a means of communication on the macro scale. In the course of discussion, both the needs and limitations appearing in the process of education for sustainable development are presented and supported by opinions and examples. The paper ends in conclusions directly related to real-life situations, and gives implications to be utilized in the educational process directed at sustainable development.
EN
“An Exercise Book of Translation” is a publication by Klaudia Bednarova-Gibova and Jonathan Gresty, and issued by The University of Presov (Slovakia) in 2022.
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EN
The article supports the thesis that the kind of expert intuition that characterizes chess masters, best sports players, or music virtuosos, is ineffective in some types of legal hard cases. In the scope of psychological research on human expertise, it seems plausible that expert intuition can occur in most legal cases. However, there are legal situations that either generate a completely novel normative issue or create a conflict of colliding legal and moral intuitions. In the first case, there are no visible environmental regularities to adapt, and therefore it is impossible to execute the deliberate practice – a form of training indispensable for achieving expert intuition. The second kind of case – involving a clash of two contrary intuitions – pertains to the situation where two resolutions dictating by expert skills of the same person are mutually inconsistent. Legal expert intuition in both above mentioned states of affair appears to be futile in delivering a determinate answer to a legal problem. The presented analysis, in consequence, indicates the extraordinary possibilities of legal expert intuition, as well as its limitation towards some types of legal hard cases.
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