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The road to conscious machines: AI through failed ideas

100%
Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2021
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issue 70
171-181
EN
Presented here is a review of the book by Michael Wooldridge The Road to Conscious Machines: The Story of AI. The book was published in 2021 by Pelican Publishing Company. The book presents a philosophical exploration of the AI-related quest to understand the essence of our minds, ethics, and consciousness. Nonetheless, the book is unconventional as it focuses on failures of past AI programs rather than on AI success stories. The author also indicates the possible pathways to develop new, more efficient AI paradigms. The short technical section at the end of the book offers more in-depth information on topics like Prolog, Bayesian, and deep neural networks.
2
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Towards a Formal Ontology of Information. Selected Ideas of K. Turek

100%
Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2016
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issue 61
23-52
EN
There are many ontologies of the world or of specific phenomena such as time, matter, space, and quantum mechanics1. However, ontologies of information are rather rare. One of the reasons behind this is that information is most frequently associated with communication and computing, and not with ‘the furniture of the world’. But what would be the nature of an ontology of information? For it to be of significant import it should be amenable to formalization in a logico-grammatical formalism. A candidate ontology satisfying such a requirement can be found in some of the ideas of K. Turek, presented in this paper. Turek outlines the ontology of information conceived of as a part of nature, and provides the ‘missing link’ to the Z axiomatic set theory, offering a proposal for developing a formal ontology of information both in its philosophical and logicogrammatical representations.
3
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Przestrzeń, filozofia i Wszechświat

100%
Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2017
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issue 63
249-252
EN
Book review of: M. Heller, Przestrzenie Wszechświata. Od geometrii do kosmologii, Copernicus Center Press, Kraków 2017, ss. 284.
PL
Recenzja książki: Michal Heller. Przestrzenie Wszechświata. Od geometrii do kosmologii, Copernicus Center Press, Kraków 2017, ss. 284.
4
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Minimal Information Structural Realism

100%
Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2017
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issue 63
59-75
EN
This paper presents Minimal Information Structural Realism (MISR), that claims that information (signified by I) is an ontologically and epistemologically objective entity (signified by R) and is apprehended as, but not identical to structures perceived in nature (signified by S). Two informal arguments are presented in support of this claim. One argument is based on the conclusions from models of quantum mechanics (QM) and cosmology, while the other argument is referred to as incompleteness of epistemic definitions of information. MISR is not associated directly with the structural realism (SR) of the ontic or epistemic kinds, and is only remotely related to the concept of information structural realism (ISR) defined by Floridi.
5
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Novacene: The coming age of hyperintelligence-James Lovelock’s vision of posthumanism

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Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2021
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issue 71
191-201
EN
James Lovelock, who is famous for the Gaia hypothesis, has written a new book called Novacene: The Coming Age of Hyperintelligence. It is an extended argument about an impending new epoch on Earth called Novacene in which biological life as we know it will evolve into lifeforms based on cyber technology (i.e., cyborgs) built from non-biological materials. Novacene may be seen as a development of the ideas presented in Lovelock’s earlier book A Rough Guide to The Future. In Novacene, the Earth will be populated by cyborgs, which are self-replicating and self-improving mechanical systems that will eventually dominate and rule the Earth. These cyborgs will possess intelligence and knowledge beyond our understanding.
6
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Why can information not be defined as being purely epistemic?

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Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2020
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issue 68
37-62
EN
The concept of information can be viewed from two perspectives, namely epistemic and ontological. In the epistemic view, information is associated with meaning, semantics, and knowledge, while in the ontological view, it is understood as structures and forms of objects. Information is most often perceived as epistemic information, yet a closer look at epistemic information reveals that this concept does not account for ontological information. This paper poses the following question: Should we select epistemic or ontological information as our primary concept of information, or should we acknowledge that both kinds of information are required for a full comprehension? The discussion here is supported by references to modern research in physics, computing, cosmology, and information sciences.
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Science and its social grounding

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Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2022
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issue 72
179-189
EN
Stuart Richie’s book discusses social, political, and cultural influences on science. In a series of well documented cases Richie shows how many of top scientific journals publish poorly executed studies with dubious conclusions. Such publications distort a public image of science as an unbiased search for truth. The roots of such practices, Richie traces to the way science enterprise is done in academia and in private research centers, where only positive and “expected” results are valued. While according to Richie there is a small chance to cure scientific practices from these ills, science itself is and remains the search for truth, even if our social moors make it so much harder.
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The Daniel Dennett’s New Mind: Darwin, Turing but no Bach

100%
Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2018
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issue 64
209-213
EN
Book review: Daniel C. Dennett, From Bacteria to Bach and Back. The evolution of mind, Penguin Random House, UK 2017, pp. 467.
9
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Contemporary Polish ontology. Where it is and where it is going

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Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2020
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issue 69
294-298
EN
Book review: Contemporary Polish Ontology. Skowron, B. (ed.), Philosophical Analysis, 82. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2020. pp.320.
10
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To be or not to be Yuval Noah Harari's Homo Deus

100%
Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2018
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issue 65
EN
Book review: Homo Deus. A Brief History of Tomorrow. Yuval Noah Harari. Vintage, UK. 2017. p. 512.
11
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Ethics in autonomous robots as philosophy in silico: The study case of phronetic machine ethics

63%
Polak P., Krzanowski R.
Logos i Ethos
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2020
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vol. 52
EN
The paper explores the application of computing science to the modeling of the ethical concepts. The modeling in computers is denoted as in silico modeling. The in silico method has found applications in biology, chemistry, cosmology, sociology among others. The applications of in silico modeling to philosophical problems (like ethics) are rather infrequent. Yet, the approach discussed in the paper holds the promise of not only facilitating the development of ethical robotics but it also may provide the insights into the philosophical problems themselves (by explicating their implicit structures). The paper provides also a brief overview of the concept of modeling in silico in historical and current contexts
PL
W artykule przestawiono zastosowanie narzędzi informatycznych do modelowania koncepcji etycznych. Komputerowe modelowanie nazywane jest modelowaniem in silico. Metody tego typu mają zastosowania m.in. w biologii, chemii, kosmologii, socjologii. Rzadko jednak stosuje się to podejście do modelowania problemów filozoficznych (jak etyka). Obecnie wydaje się ono obiecujące nie tylko dla uproszczenia rozwoju etycznych robotów, ale i dla głębszego wglądu w istotę filozoficznych problemów uwikłanych w kwestie związane z etyką maszyn (poprzez ukazanie ich wewnętrznej struktury). Artykuł ukazuje również zwięzły przegląd koncepcji modelowania w kontekście historycznym, jak i we współczesnym.
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The meta-ontology of AI systems with human-level intelligence

63%
Krzanowski R., Polak P.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2022
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issue 73
197-230
EN
In this paper, we examine the meta-ontology of AI systems with human-level intelligence, with us denoting such AI systems as AIE. Meta-ontology in philosophy is a discourse centered on ontology, ontological commitment, and the truth condition of ontological theories. We therefore discuss how meta-ontology is conceptualized for AIE systems. We posit that the meta-ontology of AIE systems is not concerned with computational representations of reality in the form of structures, data constructs, or computational concepts, while the ontological commitment of AIE systems is directed toward what exists in the outside world. Furthermore, the truth condition of the ontology (which is meta-ontological assumption) of AIE systems does not require consistency with closed conceptual schema or ontological theories but rather with reality, or in other words, “what is the world” (Smith, 2019, p.57). In addition, the truth condition of AIE systems is verified through operational success rather than by coherence with theories. This work builds on ontological postulates about AI systems that were formulated by Brian Cantwell Smith (2019).
13
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Stanisław Lem’s Visions of a Technological Future: Toward Philosophy in Technology

63%
Polak P., Krzanowski R.
Filozofia i Nauka
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2022
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vol. 10
41-50
EN
Stanisław Lem is mostly known as a sci-fi writer and not widely perceived as a visionary of the cyber age, despite the fact that he foresaw the future of information technology better than most scientific experts. Indeed, his visions of future information-based societies have proved to be remarkably accurate. Lem’s stories fuse together elements of fantasy, philosophy, and science, but what we can really learn from them is the nature of humanity, technology, and philosophy, as well as the values of technological prophecies. Moreover, Lem gave birth to, without naming it as such, the concept of philosophy in technology, which is a perspective on technology and philosophy that explores the deep implicit philosophical foundations of technology and humanity.
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Internetowe szaty filozofii epoki informatycznej

51%
Polak P. J., Trombik K. P., Krzanowski R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2021
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issue 70
251-259
EN
In this review, we present the philosophical blog “Cafe Aleph” (https://marciszewski.eu), which was founded by Witold Marciszewski in collaboration with Paweł Stacewicz. The blog contains numerous expert entries on issues from the border of philosophy, science and technology. “Cafe Aleph” is an area for developing, popularizing and discussing the idea of philosophy of computing.
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