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The celebrations of the millennium, the 1000-anniversary of the arrival of Cyril and Methodius in Moravia, held in 1863, became one of the highlights of the so-called Cyril-and-Methodius movement. The celebrations were mainly connected with Velehrad as a cult place of pilgrimage, and Brno, the capital of Moravia. It was the life in this town, which determined in many respects social, cultural as well as political and national relations in the entire country, that was marked by the celebrations largely. The celebrations took place on 25 and 26 August and their manifold programme ran not only in the centre of the town, but also in Lužánky and Pisárky, traditional summer resorts. Altogether 61 singer’s clubs with 940 singers appeared on stages. The celebrations became the biggest event of that time in Brno, their cultural and artistic importance, however, was surpassed by their social and political - patriotic importance in many respects. Since this event, the relations between the Czechs and Germans in Brno as well as in Moravia began to change, because the impression of the celebrations brought significant consequences on Germans´ side. The period of conflict-free coexistence, defined by its mutual tolerance in everyday life as well as common participation in different forms of social life, was substituted by strict separation of the Czech and the German institutions and the corresponding division in social activities. The Cyril-and-Methodius celebrations, however, resulted also in internal differentiation inside the Czech national movement in Moravia because the disputes between the religious and the profane streams became deeper.
EN
In the environment of the current Czechia the phrase “politics of the fourth price category” is quite frequent, mainly in the parlance of politicians and journalist. The foundation of the phrase is in the technical term “the fourth price category” which in the period of the so-called socialism indicated pubs, or public houses of the lowest category. Their “folk” environment was greatly popular in wide layers of population, but at the same time, this category has become a symbol of dubious quality. After 1989, this classification of pubs was abandoned due to radical changes in the form of their ownership. The term the fourth price category, however, survived in public awareness as the unofficial designation of a pub and, in particular (in conjunction with the policy) as a negative symbol used primarily by politicians and journalists to dishonest political opponents. This term thus seems like a clichéor settled, automated template which the Czechs have become accustomed to and some of them have included it in their spontaneous speech.
EN
The bearers of Czech tramping, which arose more than a century ago and has undergone an extremely remarkable development, have always been primarily young men, to a lesser extent female. Their active hiking had lower and upper boundaries. While the lower limit was relatively strictly determined by reaching the age of majority, that is to say,the age of fifteen, the upper limit (that is, thepartial or definitive end of tramping activity and affiliation with the tramp community) was rather relative. The study focuses on covering the range of these cut-off points of active tramping, which were mostly identical to major life milestones (entry into basic military service, starting a professional career, entry into marriage, parenthood, or even death).
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