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1
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On Some of the Theoretical and Practical Problems Accompanying Remote Hearings in the Light of a Fair Civil Trial

100%
Wiśniewski T.
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem
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2023
|
vol. 15
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issue 1
58-80
EN
It is quite paradoxical that such a negative social phenomenon as the ever-present threat of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its mutations has contributed to the exceptional acceleration of the widespread adoption of the institution of remote hearings in the area of civil trials in our country. Traditional hearings are no longer the only possible format of public hearing in the form of a trial. We are now witnessing a new quality in the way in which civil cases are heard. Most importantly, the nature of the court’s communication with the parties and other participants of such proceedings has changed significantly in the broad sense due to the remote nature of the hearings. At present, the venue where a court gets to hear the parties to proceedings is not only the courtroom in a court building, but also cyberspace. Thus, the landscape and the structure of civil trials have changed considerably.
2
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O niektórych teoretycznych i praktycznych dylematach rozpraw zdalnych w świetle standardów rzetelnego procesu cywilnego

100%
Wiśniewski T.
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem
|
2023
|
vol. 15
|
issue 1
24-57
PL
Paradoksem jest, że tak negatywne zjawisko społeczne, jakim jest ciągle istniejące zagrożenie wirusem SARS-CoV-2 i jego mutacjami, przyczyniło się do bezprzykładnego przyśpieszenia wdrożenia w szerokim zakresie instytucji rozpraw zdalnych w krajowym procesie cywilnym. Rozprawy tradycyjne nie są już jedyną postacią posiedzenia jawnego w formie rozprawy. Rozpoczął się nowy i jakościowo odmienny okres w odniesieniu do sposobu rozpoznawania spraw cywilnych. Przede wszystkim w związku ze zdalnością rozpraw istotnie zmieniła się natura szeroko rozumianej komunikacji sądu ze stronami i innymi uczestnikami tego procesu. Obecnie nie tylko sala rozpraw w budynku sądowym, lecz także cyberprzestrzeń jest miejscem procesowego spotkania sądu z uczestnikami postępowania. Tym samym odmieniła się architektura procesu cywilnego.
3
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Extraordinary remedies in Polish civil procedure

100%
Wiśniewski T.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2019
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issue 4 (220)
107-132
PL
The article’s objective is to present the essence of the system of extraordinary remedies in the Polish civil procedure, as well as a characterization of the particular remedies comprising that system. Application of the dogmatic method has also verified the hypothesis according to which the Polish legislator, in giving those remedies (including extraordinary ones) a normative structure, has in view that their objective is to seek a change in or to set aside the contested ruling. The article accents particularly regulation of the extraordinary grievance, considering its status as novel legislation giving rise to numerous doubts and reservation, as the normative shape of that remedy constitutes a source of collision between two values – the stability if a judicial ruling, and its lawfulness. The emergence of this remedy has led to the conclusion that there is a need to review the existing position of the civil procedure doctrine concerning respect for the principle of exclusivity adopted in our system of remedies.   Celem artykułu było przedstawienie istoty systemu nadzwyczajnych środków zaskarżenia w polskim postępowaniu cywilnym, a także scharakteryzowanie poszczególnych środków składających się na ten system. W wyniku zastosowania metody dogmatycznej zweryfikowano też tezę, według której, ustawodawca polski nadając normatywny kształt środkom zaskarżenia, w tym także nadzwyczajnych, ma na względzie, że mają one zmierzać do uzyskania zmiany lub uchylenia zaskarżonego orzeczenia. W rozważaniach zaakcentowano zwłaszcza regulację skargi nadzwyczajnej ze względu na to, że mamy tu do czynienia z nowością legislacyjną, która wzbudza wiele wątpliwości i zastrzeżeń, gdyż kształt normatywny tej skargi jest źródłem kolizji dwóch wartości – stabilności orzeczenia sądowego i jego praworządności. W związku z tą skargą nasunął się wniosek, że istnieje potrzeba zrewidowania dotychczas prezentowanego w doktrynie procesu cywilnego stanowiska co do respektowania przyjętej w naszym systemie  środków zaskarżenia zasady wyłączności.
EN
The article’s objective is to present the essence of the system of extraordinary remedies in the Polish civil procedure, as well as a characterization of the particular remedies comprising that system. Application of the dogmatic method has also verified the hypothesis according to which the Polish legislator, in giving those remedies (including extraordinary ones) a normative structure, has in view that their objective is to seek a change in or to set aside the contested ruling. The article accents particularly regulation of the extraordinary grievance, considering its status as novel legislation giving rise to numerous doubts and reservation, as the normative shape of that remedy constitutes a source of collision between two values – the stability if a judicial ruling, and its lawfulness. The emergence of this remedy has led to the conclusion that there is a need to review the existing position of the civil procedure doctrine concerning respect for the principle of exclusivity adopted in our system of remedies.
4
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Unikatowy zabytek spod Starachowic

100%
Wiśniewski T.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2006
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vol. LVIII
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issue 58
375-377
EN
In the spring of 2002, an object of regular shape was found during home gardening in the village of Tychów Nowy, comm. Mirzec, distr. Starachowice, woj. świętokrzyskie. The object had regular trapezoidal outline in plane, with a slightly oblique and rounded butt, and a damaged cutting edge (Fig. 1). The majority of the surface of the object, apart from the dihedral side, show clear traces of multidirectional polishing which also covers the area of the butt. The tool was made of the chocolate flint. We are dealing here with a knife-like form – a kind of backed knife, which in its final shape could have been also used as an axe. Taking into account the original function as a backed knife, the dating of the object should be narrowed down to the Early Bronze Age, most probably to the Mierzanowice Culture.
5

Flints in glacigenic sediments of the Chełm Hills, Eastern Poland. Prehistory and geology

51%
Libera J., Dobrowolski R., Szeliga M., Wiśniewski T.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2014
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vol. 66
57-82
EN
Chełm Hills is an area situated on the northern periphery of the Lublin Upland in the eastern part of Poland. It is a mesoregion covering about 722 square kilometres. Monadnocks and hillocks reaching the relative altitudes up to 300 metres above sea level, which are towering above the sandy of peaty plains are characteristic to this area. They are built of Cretaceous formations covered with layers of the Tertiary sandstones of varying thickness. Within them lies the Cretaceous flint raw material, which macroscopically is often similar to siliceous rocks occurring in the neighbouring areas of Volhynia, Volhynian Polesie and Podlasie. Current verification work has revealed mostly Prehistoric sites, documenting settlement from the Middle Palaeolithic to the end of the Bronze Age. Among these, the most numerous group is constituted by Late Palaeolithic and Early Bronze Age materials. The Late Palaeolithic sources were recorded most of all in the form of remnants of workshops documented by the presence of individual pre-cores, more numerous cores and accompanying débitage.
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