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The (d)evolution of political communication in Italy: Beppe Grillo’s case

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Berezowski Ł. J., Gałkowski A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

2020

vol. 58

issue 3

517-528

Celem artykułu jest analiza przypadku Beppego Grilla jako fenomenu społecznego, kulturowego i językowego. Jego partia, Ruch Pięciu Gwiazd (Movimento 5 Stelle), zaczynając jako wirtualne ugrupowanie pozbawione zorganizowanych struktur, zdobyła poparcie Włochów o poglądach lewicowych i prawicowych bez względu na różnice pokoleniowe i spory ideologiczne między nimi. Sukces stronników Grilla w wyborach do parlamentu włoskiego w 2018 roku, osiągnięty w następstwie porażki referendum konstytucyjnego zwołanego przez Mattea Renziego, stanowi jasny wyraz kryzysu przywództwa politycznego, jak i oddalania się klasy rządzącej od zwykłych obywateli, których problemy są od lat ignorowane. Analiza koncentruje się zarówno na warstwie formalnej, jak i merytorycznej: z jednej strony typowa dla Grilla artystyczna ekspresja, której emanacją są gesty, mimika, jak również bezpośredni język pełen hiperboli, figur retorycznych, przekleństw i bluźnierczych sekwencji, przyczynia się do budowy jego bezkompromisowej charyzmy; z drugiej strony nowoczesne technologie i media społecznościowe (blogi, fora, profile) wykorzystywane do efektywnego komunikowania się z elektoratem, kreują obraz polityka otwartego, podążającego za otaczającym go światem. Wszystkie przywołane okoliczności świadczą o nowatorskim podejściu do polityki opartej na rozproszonym komunikowaniu podejmowanych decyzji ze zwolennikami partii, którzy są jednocześnie aktywnymi użytkownikami Internetu: blogerami i influencerami. Ten paradygmat powielany jest obecnie przez innych przedstawicieli włoskiej sceny politycznej.

The article aims at analyzing the case of Beppe Grillo and his Five Stars Movement in terms of social, cultural and linguistic phenomenon that – initially as a virtual party without a structured organization – seems to conquer both right-wing and left-wing Italian citizens notwithstanding generational and ideological differences. The success of grillini (Grillo’s supporters) in the parliamentary election of 2018 as a consequence of Matteo Renzi’s constitutional referendum failure, represents a clear sign of the leadership crisis as well as the drifting apart of the ruling class that ignored the problems of ordinary people for several years. The analysis is focused on both form and content: on the one hand, the artistic expression characteristic of Grillo, his gestures, mimicry and direct language plenty of verbal hyperboles, rhetorical figures, swearwords and blasphemous obscenities that build his uncompromising charisma, on the other modern technologies and social media (including blogs, forums, profiles) that are used to communicate efficiently with the electorate, create an image of an open-minded politician keeping up with the outer world. All the aforementioned circumstances demonstrate an innovative approach based on political communication that devolves some level of decision-making power to the party supporters being active web users: bloggers and influencers at the same time. Such paradigm is followed by other representatives of the Italian political scene nowadays.

Analisi delle denominazioni di malattie in lingua italiana, polacca e inglese in chiave contrastiva svolta sulla base di alcune entità nosologiche tratte dalla Classificazione ICD-10 dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità

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Berezowski Ł. J., Ciesielka J.

e-Scripta Romanica

2022

vol. 10

137-153

The article shall cover issues related to the plurality of names of diseases in Italian, Polish and English language. By making reference to their Latin etymology as well as to the multilingual corpus based on the ICD-10 classification provided by the World Health Organization, the authors aim at highlighting a number of translation problems of different categories of diseases by analyzing individual clinical entities from sociolinguistic approach including features such as eponyms, erudite and popular derivatives, Greek, Latin and Latinized forms. In this respect, the differences between various levels of medical communication shall be discussed as well as the frequency of use of some variant forms of diseases in Italian and Polish present within two reference corpora respectively (with a brief remark to English language). Finally, the authors shall point out selected examples of incorrectly rendered forms of diseases between Italian, Polish and English.

L’articolo toccherà argomenti relativi alla pluralità di denominazioni di malattie in lingua italiana, polacca e inglese. Facendo riferimento alla loro etimologia latina nonché al corpus terminologico plurilingue tratto dalla Classificazione ICD-10 dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, gli autori metteranno in evidenza i problemi traduttivi di diverse categorie di entità nosologiche analizzando i loro nomi dal punto di vista sociolinguistico, tra i quali i termini eponimici, derivati dotti e popolari, forme greche, latine e latineggianti. In tale contesto si discuteranno le differenze tra i diversi livelli di discorso nella comunicazione medica e della frequenza d’uso di alcune forme varianti di malattie in italiano e in polacco nei rispettivi corpora di riferimento (con alcuni cenni al caso della lingua inglese). Da ultimo, gli autori menzioneranno esempi di forme difettose nella traduzione di malattie tra l’italiano, il polacco e l’inglese.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

1 e-Scripta Romanica

2 Berezowski Ł. J.

1 Ciesielka J.

1 Gałkowski A.

1 2022

1 2020

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The (d)evolution of political communication in Italy: Beppe Grillo’s case

Analisi delle denominazioni di malattie in lingua italiana, polacca e inglese in chiave contrastiva svolta sulla base di alcune entità nosologiche tratte dalla Classificazione ICD-10 dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità