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PL
Migration of the medical professionalsMigration of the healthcare personnel started long before Poland joined the EU. However, with the accession more and more people, especially doctors, decided to migrate. The main reason for migration was of a financial nature. In recent years the dynamics of this migration slowed down among physicians, but it increased among nurses. Though at the moment migration does not pose a serious problem for the healthcare system in Poland it may be one of the factors which will cause problems in the future. Majority of migrants are relatively young. There is a threat that there will be no replacement for nurses who will retire in the nearest future. State involvement / action is required to sustain the system.
PL
This article describes the results of research (conducted using a questionnaire) on the operation of boards of trustees in non-public local-government-owned hospitals. CEOs of the above-mentioned hospitals have positive opinions about the operation of the boards, recognizing them to be useful both for the owner authorities and the units themselves. Their supervisory function is particularly highly rated in economic and managerial areas. To a lesser extent this applies to the quality of services. No significant operational issues have been reported by respondents. The CEOs, however, stressed the fact that trustees are not always sufficiently prepared for meetings, moreover, when hospitals operated as independent public health care units, they did not have to finance the activities of such boards.
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JAKOŚĆ ŚWIADCZEŃ MEDYCZNYCH W AKREDYTACJI SZPITALI

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EN
The article describes outcomes of the survey carried out on a group of Polish hospitals accredited by the National Centre for Quality Assessment in Health Care. The aim of the survey was to identify the groups of standards and individual standards that were difficult to implement, standards that weren’t implemented and the causes of problems with implementation. Hospitals have problems with implementation of standards in a field of information management, hospital infection monitoring, anesthesiology and assessment of patient condition. The standards that weren’t implement belong to groups called information management, anesthesiology and patient rights. The main reason of the problems was that the medical staff don’t accept changes in hospital operation appearing during the implementation of Hospital Accreditation Program.
PL
Changes in microbiological diagnostics in Poland in 2007-2013This article presents the changes in the number, quality structure as well as in personnel structure of microbiological laboratories in Poland in 2007-2013. The legal background of the above changes was also analysed, indicating that the issues concerning the operation of laboratories have been adopted relatively late compared to other healthcare institutions. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the number of the laboratories changes, and their number per capita in the different provinces is significantly different. These differences are also found in the number of staff per capita. At the same time an increased interest in the pro-quality activities was identified – an increasing number of laboratories have quality certificates.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad e‑zdrowiem w czterech państwach Unii Europejskiej (UE) omówione przez pryzmat innowacyjnych zamówień publicznych (PPI). Polityka UE stara się uczynić zamówienia publiczne dźwignią innowacji, wprowadzając szereg nowych procedur przetargowych. Zbadano zasady i praktyki w zakresie PPI, w tym w e‑zdrowiu, w Danii, Wielkiej Brytanii, Hiszpanii i Polsce. Z różnych powodów wszystkie cztery kraje zmagają się z wprowadzeniem nowych europejskich procedur PPI oraz przejściem na przetargi oparte o efekty, które przyniosą stosowane dobra czy usługi. Choć wszystkie kraje wprowadziły ustawodawstwo umożliwiające takie procedury, Dania i Wielka Brytania wydają się osiągać lepsze rezultaty, mając ugruntowane zaangażowanie na rzecz współpracy publiczno‑prywatnej w celu włączania przedsiębiorstw w zamówienia publiczne nakierowane na innowacje. Wydaje się to korelować z bardziej wydajnym wdrożeniem rozwiązania e‑zdrowia w tych krajach. Mimo pewnych sukcesów w omawianej dziedzinie oraz zmian w prawie zamówień publicznych Hiszpania i Polska wykazują przywiązanie do tradycyjnych procedur.
EN
The article presents findings of research on e‑health development in four European Union (EU) Member States in the context of public procurement of innovation (PPI). EU policies attempt to make public procurement leverage for innovation by introducing a number of new tender procedures. Policies and practices in PPI, including e‑health, were investigated for Denmark, Great Britain, Spain and Poland. For various reasons, all four countries struggle with the introduction of the European PPI procedures, and with making a transition to outcome‑based tenders. Though they all introduced policies implementing these procedures, Denmark and Great Britain seem to have achieved better results, having well‑established public‑private collaboration. This correlates with a more efficient adoption of e‑health solutions in those countries. With some minor successes, Spain, and particularly Poland, display attachment to traditional procedures despite changes in the public procurement regulations.
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