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  1. 1 Rocznik Grudziądzki

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  1. 1 Strażewski M.

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  1. 1 2019

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Realizacja prawa do opcji a zmiany struktury narodowościowej w Grudziądzu i ziemi chełmińskiej

100%
Strażewski M.
Rocznik Grudziądzki
|
2019
|
vol. 27
91-100
EN
In the first years after the end of the Great War, the Kulmerland was undergoing a tremendous transformation of national structure. Its characteristic feature was a very strong decline of the German population and its participation in the total population of the area, as well as the simultaneous increase in the number and share of the Polish population. Above all, was a result of the mass migration movements, both the outflow of Germans and the subsequent influx of Poles. The text of the article outlines the role of one of the most important factors of changes in the national structure, i.e. the optio right, or the possibility of indicating one’s citizenship, given to the residents of the territory incorporated into another state. The article presents data reflecting the national structure from the period preceding the mass migration movements, regarding the whole area of the Kulmerland and its individual counties. The data concerning the size and dynamics of the emigration of Germans are an element indicating the rate and scale of changes induced by this phenomenon; these are also visible thanks to the data showing the changing share of the German population in the general population of the Kulmerland in 1910–1931. The article presents also the basic information on the optio right: its legal basis, implementation, and results, or the number of Germans-by-choice in the counties of Kulmerland; it discusses the circumstances accompanying the exercise of the right, which indicate a strong connection with the emigration of the German population, as shown in the share of Germans-by-choice in the whole migrant group.
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