Starting from research on biotechnology and its applications to living organisms, this paper presents the key features of modern-day synthetic biology, as well as its main ethical implications. The analysis of the paradox of the concept of robustness in the creation of microorganisms through synthetic biology leads us to address the topic of vulnerability, applied to man, but also to all other living beings. The concept of “enhanced human being” will strengthen the link between complexity and vulnerability as inherent features of living beings. Reflecting upon the importance of considering vulnerability applied to man’s three-fold dimensions - physical, psycho-social and spiritual - and their interaction with their environment, we will define a type of anthropology which may constitute the basis of the study on the ethical implications of synthetic biology. This will lead to present the purpose of an ethical limit to the temptation of « allmightiness », which the concept of enhanced human being could entail, and vulnerability as a defining feature of all living beings.
1. The most incomprehensible thing would be for the world to be comprehensible; 2. An initial decision regarding the scientific approach: the construction of the meaning in the absence of it (d’in-sensé); 3. The condition and the elevation to the universal in E. Weil; 4. The initial tension of the identical and the other in E. Levinas; 5. Richness of the collective attitudes of those confronting with the mystery of knowledge; 6. The act of believing, another way to enter in the mystery of Believe for a Christian; 7. Knowledge through signs; 8. The theology in front of the mystery of God; 9. The negative way; 10. The eminence way; 11. The fascination of the Vatican II council for the unity of contraries.
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