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METAMORFÓZY KRESŤANSTVA NA KAUKAZE: OD JEHO ROZŠÍRENIA PO ZAČLENENIE REGIÓNU K RUSKÉMU IMPÉRIU V 19. STOROČÍ

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Šmigeľ M., Cherkasov A. A., Kmeť M.
Konštantínove listy
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2019
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vol. 12
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issue 2
80 - 97
EN
Christianity in the Caucasus – from its expansion in the 3rd – 4th centuries to the integration of the region to the Russian Empire in the 19th century went through peculiar metamorphic changes. It had its own history for each nation of the region. On the one hand, old Transcaucasian cultures (Armenian and Georgian) entirely adopted Christianity and maintained it throughout the centuries. On the other hand, the mountain dweller nations of the Caucasus, lacking their own statehood, have only partially adopted Christianity with the long-term presence of religious syncretism (mix of paganism, Judaism, Christianity and Mohammedanism) and after all, they were mostly Islamized. Beside a number of internal and external influences and factors, the mental conservatism of Caucasian ethnic groups also appears important in these processes.
2

ŽIVOT A ZVYKY KAUKAZSKÝCH ČERKESOV: HISTORICKO-KOMPARATÍVNA SONDÁŽ CESTOPISOV EURÓPSKYCH CESTOVATEĽOV OD ZAČIATKU 16. DO POLOVICE 19. STOROČIA

100%
Šmigeľ M., Cherkasov A., Kmeť M.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2017
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vol. 5
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issue 2
29 – 50
EN
The aim of this study is to clarify evolution of life and traditions of Circassian society in a historically comparative perspective. It is based on published travelogues and diaries of European travellers who visited various parts of Caucasian Circassia from the 16th century to the half of the 19th century. Although they had described various aspects of life of this varied mountain ethnic group, the study focuses on just a few of them: anthropological appearance, language, religion, clothing, traditions, social activities and social structure of the Circassians. This data shows that Circassia embodied tribal formation that was split, speaking different languages without existence of any mutual language of interethnic communication. Despite this fact, different tribes had been somehow connected. This variedness was based on the Circassians mentality and religious issues as well. Isolation of the Circassia area, underdevelopment of external relations, absence of migration processes and peculiarities of the population mentality conditioned weak development of craft, industry, trade and character of social activities at all.
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