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Problemy granic państwowych w postkolonialnej Afryce

100%
Kosidło A.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2020
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vol. 52
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issue 4
117-142
EN
The problem of borders in Africa is not related to the false fact that they are ‘artificial’ or ‘young’, for in their majority they are older than those of European countries, but to the fact that they were created by Europeans and even today the process of their delimitation, and especially demarcation, has not been completed. Their permanence is confirmed by the accepted principle uti possidetis, emphasised many times in the judgments of the International Court of Justice in Hague and resolutions of the United Nations. Treating borders differently in Africa can lead to territorial revisionism and conflicts, ending even in wars.
PL
Problem granic w Afryce nie wiąże się z nieprawdziwym faktem, iż są one „sztuczne” czy „młode” – jako że są w większości starsze niż granice państw europejskich – ale z tym, iż stanowiły dzieło Europejczyków i że nawet do tej pory nie został jeszcze zakończony proces ich delimitacji, a szczególnie demarkacji. O ich trwałości z kolei świadczy zaakceptowana zasada uti possidetis, podkreślana wielokrotnie w wyrokach Międzynarodowego Trybunału Sprawiedliwości i w rezolucjach ONZ. Inne natomiast traktowanie granic w Afryce może prowadzić do rewizjonizmu terytorialnego i konfliktów, a nawet wojen.
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XX wiek — waga dziedzictwa

100%
Kosidło A.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
|
2013
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issue 4
39-54
EN
The purport of this paper is to highlight the development tendencies and characteristics of the 20th century, which was decisive in forming the found ations of the present world. The narrative underlines the fact that it was an age of wars, ideological rivalry between democratic capitalism versus fascism and then communism, nationalisms and insurgencies for freedom and social change; time when international domination of the United States consol idated and when enormous social, economic, scientific and technological progress was made. But it was also a century of atrocities, often amounting to genocide — so alien to the twentieth-century image of the allegedly humanistic progress.
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