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The Ottoman Macedonia between the politics of the young Turks and the Kingdom of Serbia: expectations and negotiations

100%
Mitrova M.
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
|
2014
|
vol. 21
121-136
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the politics of the Serbian Kingdom towards the newly created situation in Ottoman Macedonia, caused by the Young Turks Revolution in 1908. The activities of the Serbian Chetnik organization in Ottoman Macedonia were discontinued as a special Serbian political organization was established. The organisation was mostly interested in the following agenda: regulating the status of the so called “Serbian people” in the Ottoman Empire; regular use of the national name “Serb” instead of the general term “Rum”; expansion of the patriarchies privileges to the “Serbs” in Ottoman Macedonia.
2
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The Concept of the millet in Turkish dictionaries: Its alteration and the impact on Ottoman Macedonia

63%
Pandevska M., Mitrova M.
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
|
2019
|
vol. 26
171-192
PL
Znaczenie pojęcia millet w słownikach tureckich: jego zmiana i wpływ na  osmańską Macedonię W XIX wieku słowniki/glosariusze stanowiły pierwszą klamrę, która łączyła różne kultury i języki, łącząc w ten sposób także Orient z Zachodem i vice versa. W tym kontekście badania koncentrują się na tureckich słownikach / glosariuszach, które przez długi czas faktycznie stanowiły jeden z podstawowych środków przekazu nowych zachodnich idei na Wschodzie, a w naszym przypadku w Imperium Osmańskim. Poprzez krótkie analizy porównawcze tych słowników/glosariuszy i ich autorów (z XIX i początku XX wieku) śledzimy przemiany koncepcji znaczeniowej pojęcia millet w kierunku pojęcia naród. Studium przypadku koncentruje się na osmańskiej Macedonii i politycznych implikacjach spowodowanych tą zmianą znaczenia osmańskiego terminu millet. 
EN
In the 19th century the dictionaries/glossaries represent the first brace which connected different cultures and languages, thus also linking the Orient with the Occident and vice versa. In this context the research is focused on the Turkish dictionaries/glossaries, which for a long time actually represented one of the basic media of transmitting the new Western ideas in the East, and in our case, in the Ottoman Empire. Through the short comparative analyses of these dictionaries/glossaries and their authors (from the 19th century and early 20th century) we follow the change of the cognitive concept of the term millet with the term nation. The case study is focused on Ottoman Macedonia and on the political implications caused by this change of the meaning of the Ottoman term millet.
3
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Балканските војни и актуелните состојби на Балканот

63%
Mitrova M., Pandevska М.
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
|
2013
|
vol. 20
106-116
EN
A populist slogan, with a crusade like overtones: “to liberate our Christian brothers”, served as an unassailable alibi for the expansionist aspirations of the small Balkan states in order to mobilize their population during the First Balkan War. The different interpretations of the phrase “Christian brothers” could already be seen in the Balkan pacts and their hidden annexes. The Second Balkan War quite openly revealed the sole objective of the Balkan states for territorial expansion in those wars. To each his own: Greece longed for the wheat fields of Macedonia and Edirne; Bulgaria longed for the warm seas of Macedonia and Edirne; Serbia longed to be a coastal country at any cost- if they could not reach the Salonika Bay, then through the Durres port; Montenegro longed for the Skhodër (Skadar/Shkodra) port, etc. The Second Balkan War proved to be the quintessence of different interpretation of the word “to liberate”. Even though the Balkan Wars lasted for almost a year (between 1912 and 1913), they left the Balkan people with severe consequences. Namely, since the Balkan territory was ethnically diverse, especially in a period when not all of the nations were yet completely defined, it was not possible to draw the state lines which could please everybody and which would not dissatisfy the population later. Thus, the same actors would actively participate in both World Wars. Because of this, the discontentment originating in the period of the Balkan Wars still burdens the relations between the Balkan countries to this day. The unresolved political questions, such as the problem of Macedonia and Kosovo, may have lasted the whole century. This, however, does not mean that history repeats itself, because history can never be the same. Frozen conflicts and unresolved issues still burden the Balkans and contribute to the very slow and hard development of its political culture.
PL
A populist slogan, with a crusade like overtones “to liberate our Christian brothers”, served as an unassailable alibi for the expansionist aspirations of the small Balkan states in order to mobilize their population during the First Balkan War. The different interpretations of the phrase “Christian brothers” could already be seen in the Balkan pacts and their hidden annexes. The Second Balkan War quite openly revealed the sole objective of the Balkan states for territorial expansion in those wars. To each his own: Greece longed for the wheat fields of Macedonia and Edirne; Bulgaria longed for the warm seas of Macedonia and Edirne; Serbia longed to be a coastal country at any cost- if they could not reach the Salonika Bay, then through the Durres port; Montenegro longed for the Skhodër (Skadar/Shkodra) port, etc. The Second Balkan War proved to be the quintessence of different interpretation of the word “to liberate”. Even though the Balkan Wars lasted for almost a year (between 1912 and 1913), they left the Balkan people with severe consequences. Namely, since the Balkan territory was ethnically diverse, especially in a period when not all of the nations were yet completely defined, it was not possible to draw the state lines which could please everybody and which would not dissatisfy the population later. Thus, the same actors would actively participate in both World Wars. Because of this, the discontentment originating in the period of the Balkan Wars still burdens the relations between the Balkan countries to this day. The unresolved political questions, such as the problem of Macedonia and Kosovo, may have lasted the whole century. This, however, does not mean that history repeats itself, because history can never be the same. Frozen conflicts and unresolved issues still burden the Balkans and contribute to the very slow and hard development of its political culture.
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