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O fonetické identifikaci mluvčího ve forenzním kontextu

100%
Skarnitzl R.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2022
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vol. 105
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issue 3
117-132
EN
The paper introduces current trends in speaker identification using phonetic methods. After providing a short historical background, it describes various attempts which have been made at more objective listening analysis in forensic contexts. One of the main aims of the paper is to propose a protocol for listening analysis in the Czech forensic context, called PRIM. The PRIM protocol combines the advantages, and mitigates the drawbacks, of existing approaches to analytical listening and, most importantly, includes all speech and voice dimensions relevant for the auditory comparison of speakers in Czech. Audio examples of some of the described voice qualities are featured on an accompanying webpage. The role of acoustic analyses in speaker comparison is also discussed, and the main parameters used for such comparisons are briefly introduced. These include various uses of vowel formants and spectral characteristics of noise in obstruent sounds at the segmental level, as well as melodic and temporal characteristics and acoustic correlates of various voice quality settings at the suprasegmental level. Automatic approaches to speaker identification are also briefly mentioned. Finally, the paper relates the current situation in forensic phonetics to the ongoing paradigm shift in forensic science generally, and in the Czech Republic specifically.
2
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Fonetická realizace slovního přízvuku u delších slov v češtině

100%
Skarnitzl R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2018
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vol. 79
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issue 3
199-216
EN
This study addresses the fragmentation of existing attempts at identifying the correlates of lexical stress in Czech. Its objective is therefore to thoroughly examine all commonly used correlates of prominence from the melodic, dynamic and temporal domain, as well as those of vowel quality, in three speaking styles. To evaluate various factors, we applied linear mixed effects models (LME). The results show that the stressed syllable in Czech does not manifest prominence in any of the examined domains – it is not higher, stronger, or longer. In comparison with previous studies, the analyses indicate only a weak tendency toward post-stress melodic rise. It is clear that as a language with fixed stress which does not serve a contrastive function, Czech does not require distinctive prominence marking. One interesting result of the study is the documented lengthening of word-final vowels, even within prosodic phrases, which may contribute to discontinuities between adjacent stress groups and which also has repercussions for the naturalness of speech synthesis.
3
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Dvojí i v české výslovnosti

100%
Skarnitzl R.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2012
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vol. 95
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issue 3
141-153
EN
The study examines the pronunciation of Czech /ɪ/ and /iː/ in the speech of Czech Radio newsreaders. This vocalic contrast has been traditionally described as consisting in duration. The analyses reveal that the duration of the phonologically long /iː/ is only approximately 30% greater than of the phonologically short /ɪ/. As for the analysis of formant values, the short /ɪ/ appears to lie closer to vowels of the /e/-quality than to its long counterpart /iː/. The morphological status of the syllables with /ɪ/ and /iː/, as well as the position within an utterance have been taken into account. The result also indicate interesting idiosyncratic tendencies.
4
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Výzkum lingvální artikulace pomocí elektropalatografie na příkladu českých palatálních exploziv

63%
Skarnitzl R., Bartošová P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2013
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vol. 96
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issue 5
246-258
EN
The aim of the paper is to introduce electropalatography (EPG) as a method of investigating speech production to the Czech linguistic public. Its application was demonstrated on the Czech palatal plosives [c] and [J-]. The results show that the linguopalatal contact in these speech sounds is primarily coronal, with the blade of the tongue touching the front part of the artificial palate, as well as lateral, with the tongue dorsum touching the sides of the palate. Apart from revealing interesting idiosyncratic tendencies, the results also indicate different patterns depending on the voicing of the plosive.
5
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Míra rušivosti parazitních zvuků v řeči mediálních mluvčích

63%
Skarnitzl R., Machač P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2012
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vol. 95
|
issue 1
3-14
EN
The paper describes the intrusive effect of what have been called parasitic sounds, namely preglottalization and the epenthetic schwa. These parasitic sounds seem to be, from the linguistic point of view, non-systemic and unjustified, but occur relatively frequently in Czech media speech, while not so often in ordinary situations. The results indicate that both phenomena are perceived by listeners as intrusive, though to a differen extent, based on both the segment to which they are attached and on selected acoustic properties.
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