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WYSTĘPOWANIE JAWORU ACER PSEUDOPLATANUS L. W BIESZCZADZKICH DRZEWOSTANACH NATURALNYCH REGLA DOLNEGO

100%

Ruciński P.

Rocznik Przemyski

2016

vol. 52

issue 3(12): Nauki Przyrodnicze

27-54

The occurrence of sycamore as part of the species composition of the natural woodland stands of the lower montane zone in the Western Bieszczady Mountains has been analysed within the left part of the upper catchment of the River San (from the source to the mouth of Wołosate). The studies have been based on the climate and habitat diversity The analyses took account of the description of the biological features and ecological requirements found in the literature and critical evaluation of the existing scientific research. The archival forest inventory of the Bieszczady National Park and Stuposiany Forest District and also the subsequent works describing the diversity of the geological and soil conditions of the research area have been used for this article. Studies of the role of sycamore in the lower mountain zone of the Western Bieszczady have been based on the assumption that in the natural forests the performance of the tree species in the stands is a result of the implementation of their life strategies under the competitive pressure from the other species. Among the natural stands of the study area covering just over 7,300 ha, the presence of sycamore with a representation of at least 10% has been found in only one fifth of their area. It was therefore necessary to check whether the occurrence is random, or whether certain elements of the diversity of environmental conditions have an impact on it. The studies proved that distribution of sycamore in natural forests has been determined by certain conditions of climate and habitat, defined in this article. They result in the greater competitiveness of sycamore in comparison to the other species of the lower mountain zone stands (especially beech, silver fir and Norway spruce). The results of the above analysis should have been used for the construction of models of the natural forests to be implemented in the conservation of the natural stands. They should also be taken into account in planning of the restoration of the nurse stands within the former agricultural habitats covering one third of the wooded area in Bieszczady Mountains.

O POTRZEBIE BADAŃ FITOSOCJOLOGICZNYCH W LEŚNYM KOMPLEKSIE PROMOCYJNYM „LASY BIESZCZADZKIE” I NA TERENACH PRZYLEGŁYCH

63%

Ruciński P., Witkowska-Wawer L.

Rocznik Przemyski

2016

vol. 52

issue 3(12): Nauki Przyrodnicze

55-71

This review of the literature regarding the Promotional Forest Complex “Lasy Bieszczadzkie” („Bieszczady Forest”) showed that the earlier research results are out of date and do not show the true phytosociological diversity of the studied area. These apply mainly to lower montane coniferous forests dominated by spruce and fir. Most of the authors of the phytogeographic papers recognize their uniqueness and state the need for further research. However, there is also the general assumption that the spruce and fir stands are artificial within meso- and eutrophic beech woodland habitats, as a result of them being favoured by the forestry management. Based on historical data, the authors challenge these findings and suggest intensifying research into the provenance of East Carpathian spruce and fir, and plant communities created by them. There is a methodological requirement to link forest typology with phytosociology but this brings purely academic problems onto a practical level in forest management planning. The point is to establish what types of forest are natural and which should be restored to match the habitat conditions. In the Bieszczady circumstances there is also a serious problem with the restoration objectives relating to the seral forest communities on former farmland. These are mostly made up of grey alder and spruce, and also pine at lower altitudes, and cover more than 30% of the total forest area.

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2 Rocznik Przemyski

2 Ruciński P.

1 Witkowska-Wawer L.

2 2016

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WYSTĘPOWANIE JAWORU ACER PSEUDOPLATANUS L. W BIESZCZADZKICH DRZEWOSTANACH NATURALNYCH REGLA DOLNEGO

O POTRZEBIE BADAŃ FITOSOCJOLOGICZNYCH W LEŚNYM KOMPLEKSIE PROMOCYJNYM „LASY BIESZCZADZKIE” I NA TERENACH PRZYLEGŁYCH