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Klimat inwestycyjny w Indiach

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EN
The paper focuses on various factors influencing India’s investment climate, with particular emphasis on direct investment from abroad. A combination of descriptive and statistical analyses has been used to analyze the different aspects of the investment climate in India. The analysis is based on data coming from different sources as well as legal documents and research papers. The strength of India is primarily knowledge, human resources and a good macroeconomic prospect, while insufficient infrastructure, bureaucracy and corruption appear to be the most serious barriers to carry out investment projects. There is also an urgent need to increase the pace of reforms in the legal system, including the tax law, labor law and business regulations. However, the investment climate in India, despite the many shortcomings mentioned above, is regarded as friendly to investors. The dynamic growth in FDI flows to India (except at the time of the global financial crisis) and the high position in the rankings of investment attractiveness seem to confirm this thesis. The paper undertakes a macro-level analysis treating India as a homogeneous subject and not dealing with the regional differences in the investment climate. The paper presents a comprehensive look at the issue of the investment climate in India, which goes beyond the so-called investment freedom, which is a set of formal and informal barriers hampering investment inflows to the economy as well as incentives and other facilitations attracting them. To locate the best possible place for an investment, a foreign investor takes into account a much broader context, being the result of various factors, including political, social and economic issues.
EN
The article describes the amount, structure and dynamics of all types of foreign investments in Russia, it means foreign direct investments, portfolio investments and so-called the others investment (mainly credits). Special attention is paid to flows of foreign investments in last two years. In 2007 they reached the highest level in the history of the country, especially in case of FDI, which play the most important role in each economy. The trend has changed during the next year, in which flows of foreign investment into Russia (altogether) declined about 14 per cent. The most sudden decrease of the investment volume happened in case of portfolio investments. Foreign investors started to pull their money out of Russian stock exchanges in August of 2008 losing a confidence in Russian securities and local market. The mains reasons were: Russia’s involvement in the armed conflict in Georgia, deterioration in economic situation in the country and global financial crisis.
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