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ETIKA BIOTECHNOLOGICKÝCH ZÁSAHOV DO ĽUDSKÉHO GENÓMU: ARGUMENTY RIZIKOVOSTI A ZNIČENIA ĽUDSKEJ PRIRODZENOSTI

100%
Sýkora P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2015
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vol. 70
|
issue 5
329 – 342
EN
Until recently, there has been a wide consensus among bioethicists about ethical red line connecting somatic and germ-line gene interventions. From the end of the 1990s this demarcation line has started to be undermined. Recently, mitochondrial replacement techniques which cross this borderline have been legalized in Britain. In addition, new very precise gene-editing techniques CRISPR/Cat9 have already been applied in experiments on human embryos. In reaction, some scientists call for moratorium on human germ-line experiments in a letter to the journal Nature. The aim of this paper is to reconsider in the light of recent scientific achievements concerning the complexity of human genome two frequently used arguments against inheritable genetic modifications: that of a high risk of destroying human genome and that of the necessity to protect human nature.
2
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OD BIOLOGICKÉHO KYBERTEXTU KU GENETICKEJ POÉZII

100%
Sýkora P.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 3
39 – 53
EN
The goal of this study is to show that biological texts are not „texts“ only in a metaphorical sense, but in a full post Lotmanian meaning of this term within literary studies. Genetic text written in DNA code is not a biological parallel to printed books, but rather a cyber-text in the sense of Aarseth’s definition of ergodic literature. The cyber-textual feature of living cells creates a space for the creation of new forms of remediation of literary works within biomedia. It opens new horizons for a literary work and generates new literary forms, such as genetic poetry. First, we show how biological texts fulfil the criteria of Aarseth’s cyber-text definition, than we demonstrate the process of the remediation of literary texts into biomedia on the examples of the authors Wong, Davis, Kac and Bök.
3

REKONCEPTUALIZÁCIA ALTRUIZMU V BIOMEDICÍNSKOM DARCOVSTVE

100%
Sýkora P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2012
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vol. 67
|
issue 1
1 – 14
EN
The author’s suggestion is to abandon Titmussian paradigm of biomedical donor ship based on pure altruism and to replace it by a new ethical approach based on the reciprocity/solidarity principle. First, the relationship between altruism and reciprocity is examined. Secondly, the achievements of behavioural sciences and the theory of evolution are used in the analysis of the reciprocal altruism which is apparently the motive power of the evolution of human cooperation. Finally, the possibility of using this new conceptual framework for the objectives of biomedical donor ship is examined as well.
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