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The article investigates the important element of alternative spiritual beliefs, often designated as New Age, connected with cultural appropriation of spirituality of the “imagined community” of idealized Native Americans. First, origins and historical background of this social imaginary is being provided, rooted in popular literature, impact of influential Buffallo Bill’s Wild West shows of the 1800s, and youth movements, Indian hobbyist and (Euro)indianist movement of the 1900s. Second, important cultural texts such as Chief Seattle (alleged) Speech, Rainbow Family legends (and its connection to Greenpeace) and Black Elk message are thoroughly investigated. Third, the current “source of wisdom” with renewed social dynamics is being analysed, along with search for a new paradigm for studies of this syncretic phenomenon.
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EN
The 2012 phenomenon is discussed, especially its development in The Two Rennes and Bugarach Area in South-West France. First the ideas and beliefs of the “alternative seekers” and the growth of an expectation of spiritual renewal on 21st December 2012 are presented; together with the transformation of this expectation into the prediction of a total disaster and especially the treatment of this prediction as an “entertaining” subject in the mainstream. Later the cluster of myths and beliefs that has grown since the 1950s around Rennes-le-Château and inspired the Da Vinci Code (2003) is discussed, together with the growth of personal development workshops linked to the sacralized Pic of Bugarach nearby, that have brought an exceptional concentration of alternative seekers in this area. Finally, the article presents the situation’s evolution in the last days of 2012 in Bugarach, marked by the mobilization of the authorities, a massive presence of the media and the almost total absence of the expected “visionaries”. Prospective remarks will be presented to conclude.
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Exemplary stories

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The article analyses phenomenon of the “exemplary stories” — apocryphal anecdotes often told at parties as realistic stories which supposedly really happened, but which are in fact variants of socially quite widespread, sometimes even international folkloric narratives. Also labelled as urban/contemporary legends, this type of narratives is discussed in wide theoretical and disciplinary context, including their itinerations in the modern mass media (especially newspapers) and popular literature. Finally, social and cultural functions and meanings of these apocryphal stories are presented.
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