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Ethnic Bias in the Reception of Adolphe Stern’S Translations of Hamlet and Macbeth

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Marțole D. M.

Messages, Sages and Ages

2015

vol. 2

issue 1

38-46

This paper focuses on the way in which cultural misrepresentations interfere with the reading of the Romanian versions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth by Adolphe Stern, a Romanian translator of Jewish descent. The two main critical articles are authored by two renowned intellectuals from the historic principality of Moldova, A.D. Xenopol and I. Botez. Despite the fact that the critical opinions issued in the two articles are not enrooted in ethnic discrimination, the potential negativity of the criticism is fully exploited by promoters of extreme nationalism. Two are the reasons that catalyse the negative valorisation of Stern’s translations: the growing xenophobic nationalism that influenced the political decisions at the end of the 19th century, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the need to create a homogenous space for all Romanians, not only geographically, but also linguistically and culturally, translated in the emergence of a linguistic nationalism. Adolphe Stern, the embodiment of the foreigner, in spite of being born within the limits of the Romanian space, produces texts the value of which is denied, to compensate for the partial loss of identity inherent to all unification processes

Ethnocentric Tendencies in the Romanian Translations of Macbeth

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Marțole D. M.

Messages, Sages and Ages

2016

vol. 3

issue 1

72-80

Starting from Venuti’s binary classification of translations into ethnocentric and foreignizing this paper focuses on the factors that trigger ethnocentric attitudes in the translation of the play Macbeth in Romanian. Counterbalancing the extremely neologist tendencies at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, exemplified in Ștefan Băjescu’s translation, most of the 20th century translators prove an inclination towards the use of local, ethnic elements, that should revive the national culture and language, the integrity of which was threatened by foreign elements. Ion Vinea’s translation, that was the canonical Romanian version for more than half a century, is analysed in the paper as the representative of the ethnocentric camp. Apart from the spontaneous reactions that are generally ruled by the laws of language change, other factors that lead to the fostering of ethnocentric views are the communist regime’s constrictive ideology and, at the micro level, the translator’s own linguistic and cultural perception.

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2 Messages, Sages and Ages

2 Marțole D. M.

1 2016

1 2015

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Ethnic Bias in the Reception of Adolphe Stern’S Translations of Hamlet and Macbeth

Ethnocentric Tendencies in the Romanian Translations of Macbeth