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Analyse du préverbe dis- dans une approche contrastive français-polonais

100%
Hrabia M.
Linguistica Copernicana
|
2023
|
vol. 20
195-218
EN
In this article, the author examines the preverb dis- in the French-Polish contrastive perspective. The first part presents theoretical issues concerning the universal theory of semantic prefixation as well as the principles and stages of semantic-traductological analysis of prefixes. The said analysis is based on the assumption that different meanings (i.e. semantic values) of the preverb in the source language should manifest themselves in the prefixed verbs translation into the target language. The second part contains the results of the application of the proposed method in the study of the preverb dis-. By examining the Polish translations of 42 verbs prefixed by dis-, found in two dictionaries, namely Great French-Polish Dictionary and Lexicon 5, the author concludes that the analysed French preverb carries 4 semantic values: the value of moving/moving away (physically or mentally) in different directions, the value of cancellation or reversal of the previous action, the value of negation and the value of interruption/deprivation. Thanks to the applied research method, it becomes also possible to notice differences in the distribution of these values in the deep structures of the French and Polish languages.
PL
Dans cet article, l’auteur examine le préverbe dis- dans une perspective contrastive franco-polonaise. La première partie présente les enjeux théoriques concernant la théorie universelle de la préfixation sémantique, ainsi que les principes et les étapes de l’analyse sémantico-traductionnelle des préfixes. Ladite analyse est basée sur l’hypothèse que différentes significations (c’est-à-dire des valeurs sémantiques) d’un préverbe donné en langue source devraient se manifester dans la traduction des verbes préfixés en langue cible. La deuxième partie contient les résultats de l’application de la méthode proposée dans l’étude du préverbe dis-. En examinant les traductions polonaises de 42 verbes préfixés en dis-, trouvées dans deux dictionnaires, à savoir le Grand dictionnaire français-polonais et Lexique 5, l’auteur conclut que le préverbe analysé est porteur de 4 valeurs sémantiques : la valeur de mouvement/éloignement (physique ou mental) dans diverses directions, la valeur d’annulation ou inversion de l’action antérieure, la valeur de négation et la valeur de cessation/privation. Grâce à la méthode de recherche utilisée, il devient également possible de constater des différences dans la répartition de ces valeurs aux niveaux profonds du français et du polonais.  
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Valeurs Sémantiques Du Préverbe entre-. Une Étude Contrastive Français-Polonais

100%
Hrabia M.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2022
|
vol. 43
321-339
EN
The present paper aims at conducting a short French-Polish contrastive investigation of the verbs prefixed by entre-. At the beginning, the author proposes to perceive prefixation as a purely semantic phenomenon and advances a hypothesis that different meanings (i.e. semantic values) of the preverb in the source language should manifest in the translation of the prefixed verbs into the target language. The second part focuses on the results of the postulated semantic-translation analysis of 62 French verbs found in two dictionaries: Great French-Polish Dictionary and Lexicon 5. The verbs are divided into 4 categories depending on their translation into Polish (verbs expressing reciprocity, spatial verbs, low intensity verbs, and lexicalized verbs) which, in accordance with the adopted hypothesis, allows to distinguish 3 different semantic values of entre-: reciprocity, spatiality and low intensity. Furthermore, the results of the analysis are compared with the those obtained by other linguists. Due to the fact that the conclusions of the investigation conducted in this paper and in similar studies do not differ significantly and considering the added contrastive value of semantic-translation analysis, the author suggests extending the research in this stream to other preverbs in order to reach the complete description of the French prefixation seen “through” the Polish language.
3
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Le rôle de l’héritage sémantique dans la traduction automatique

100%
Hrabia M.
Romanica Cracoviensia
|
2018
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vol. 18
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issue 3
135-145
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the role of the semantic inheritance in the one of the linguistic models for machine translation – the object-oriented approach by Wiesław Banyś. In the first part, the author outlines the general concepts of the theory and provides several examples of its application in the disambiguation process. The second part is fully focused on the question of the hierarchy of object classes and the semantic inheritance of attributes and operations. In fact, it is precisely thanks to the hierarchy postulated in the theory that the linguistic description becomes effective and fully applicable in computer systems. 
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