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EN
The author of this paper examines Cudjo “Kossola” Lewis’ memoir, written down by Zora Neale Hurston in 'Barracoon: The Story of the Last „Black Cargo”', in the context of Stephanie "Smallwood’s Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage From Africa to American Diaspora" to describe the process of commodification of Cudjo and Africans who arrived in the USA in 1860 onboard "Clotilda", the last known slave ship. The author analyzes the subsequent phases of changing Kossola’s subjective status and social death in Africa and the country of forced emigration. Also, the article presents Kossola's means for integrating into America's social structure following Emancipation.
PL
Autorka niniejszego artykułu rozpatruje wspomnienia Cudjo „Kossoli” Lewisa, spisane przez Zorę Neale Hurston w "Barracoon: The Story of the Last „Black Cargo”", w kontekście książki Stephanie Smallwood "Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage From Africa to American Diaspora", by prześledzić proces komodyfikacji, jakiemu zostali poddany Cudjo wraz z pozostałymi Afrykanami, którzy przybyli do USA w 1860 roku na pokładzie Clotildy – ostatniego znanego statku niewolniczego. Analizie poddano kolejne fazy zmiany statusu podmiotowego Kossoli oraz jego społeczną śmierć – zarówno dla pozostałych w Afryce, jak i w kraju wymuszonej emigracji. W artykule przedstawiono również sposoby Kossoli na zakorzenienie się w amerykańskiej strukturze społecznej po ogłoszeniu emancypacji.
EN
This paper delves into the structure of Martin Puryear’s Slavery Memorial at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and how it serves as an example of the commemorative practices employed to confront Americans’ collective oblivion with a historical site touched by the trauma of the enslaved peoples. Drawing on the history of higher education in New England, the author analyzes the artistic devices employed by Puryear to convey the truth about Brown’s involvement in the transatlantic slave trade and the rhetoric of perception imposed by the monument on the viewer. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the structure of the Slavery Memorial triggers the process of remembering historical facts that are not so much repressed as non-existent in the local community’s collective consciousness.
EN
This paper analyzes the cinematographic means used by Roman Polanski in Death and the Maiden to portray the characters of the movie and the relationship between them. It discusses how Polanski toys with the thriller convention to create a cognitive dissonance in the viewer and uses artistic devices to reflect the process of restoring the identity by the protagonist. In particular, the author examines the frame of the movie and its compositional and semantic functions, and compares selected scenes with René Magritte’s paintings to show how the director depicts the experience of the main character and the blurring of boundaries between the perpetrator and the victim. Also, colors, props, and landscape motifs associated with each character are analyzed to explain their symbolic and dramatic function in the film.
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