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EN
Roman women – priestesses, patrician women, mysterious guardians of the sacred flame of goddess Vesta, admired and respected, sometimes blamed for misfortune of the Eternal City. Vestals identified with the eternity of Rome, the priestesses having a specific, unavailable to other women power. That power gained at the moment of a ritual capture (captio) and responsibilities and privileges resulted from it are the subject matter of this paper. The special attention is paid to the importance of Vestals for Rome and Romans in various historic moments, and to the purifying rituals performed by Vestals on behalf of the Roman state’s fortune. The study presents probable dating and possible causes of the end of the College of the Vestals in Rome.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the most important moments in adevelopment of the institution of the compulsory arbitration, for which the starting point was and still is avoluntary arbitration. For this purpose the selected features of the institution of arbitration are discussed – the features which have appeared in the historical development of this institution, in order to discuss in detail the compulsory arbitration as anon-obvious exception of this institution, in particular on example of the Polish legal solutions concerning consumers and the clients of airlines. The introduction of this sort of arbitration has been decided by the legislator, probably in connection with the need to ensure a“better” protection of particular goods. The authors answer to the questions about the role of compulsory arbitration in the 21st century, especially in times of the current institutional crisis. Is it, in the opinion of the law-making authority, akind of remedy for the weaknesses of traditional courts and even the amicable proceedings? Or: Is it merely amore efficient way of an amical way of resolving conflicts? They ask about the purpose of the compulsory arbitration – away of proceeding which “forced” the parties to seek of aresolution of adispute in acertain way, as well as the very legal meaning of this “coercion” of the parties to certain actions.
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