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WHAT ABOUT THE SZELETIAN LEAF POINT AS A FOSSILE DIRECTEUR?

100%

Mester Z.

Študijné zvesti

2021

vol. 68

issue suppl. 2

49 - 62

The Szeletian is widely accepted as an industry of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Central Europe, characterized by the production of leaf points and associated with Neanderthals. In 1953, F. Prošek has introduced the term Szeletian for describing an already existing archaeological unit in Central Europe, which had been defined relative to the Solutrean of Western Europe. He did not define the new unit but applied the fourfold model Hungarian scholars established to describe the development of the Solutrean in Hungary, based solely upon leaf point typology. Here, I argue that the “Szeletian leaf point,” which is thought to characterize this unit, is a typologically undefined tool. However, the analyses of bifacial and leaf-shaped tools from Moravian and Hungarian sites, during the last decade, revealed the existence of certain basic forms which are frequent as far as they could represent types or sub-types among “Szeletian leaf points.” For being considered as fossile directeur, these types have to have something specific by which they can be distinguished from other leaf point types, and they have to appear exclusively in the context of Szeletian assemblages. To clarify it needs further joint researches by concerned Central European scholars. Until we cannot demonstrate the existence of a specific type of leaf point linked strictly to the Szeletian, it seems to be better to not use the “Szeletian leaf point” as a typological term.

Nouvelle interprétation des occupations néanderthaliennes de la grotte Subalyuk (Hongrie du Nord)

63%

Mester Z., Patou-Mathis M.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

2016

vol. LI

7-46

Due to its rich lithic, osseous and human remains, Subalyuk Cave is the most important Middle Palaeolithic site of Hungary. The results of the excavation in 1932, directed by J. Dancza and O. Kadić, were published in a monograph. Since then, this is the first archaeozoological study of the bone assemblage, which provides palaeontological, palaeoecological, biochronological, taphonomic and palaeo-ethnographic data complemented with the analysis of lithics. Based on the original documentations, the provenience of osseous and lithic finds was reconstructed. The materials were studied according to layers. The occupations of each layer was interpreted in its chronologic, climatic and environmental framework. This allowed us to formulate a new interpretation for the animal and human occupations at Subalyuk Cave. The lower layers (c1 to c6) are dated from the Eemian to the Early Weichselian Glaciation. The upper layers (c7 to c14) are deposited during the Lower Pleniglacial and the Early Interpleniglacial. Along this sequence, carnivores used the cave for denning or refuge (wolves in c1 to c3, hyaenas in c7 to c14, and cave bears in c3 to c14). Neanderthals of Typical Mousterian (c1 to c7) and Quina type Mousterian (c8 to c14) used also the cave for seasonal camping (c3), as a hunting station (c8 to c11, c14) and evidences of ephemeral visits were also found by our analyses (c1, c4 to c7, c12, c13). The taphonomical study of the human remains in layer 11 revealed that the two individuals had been deposited in different times and in different condtions. The child most probably was properly buried into the sediment, but the skeleton of the adult was decomposed on the cave floor during the formation of layer 11.

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1 Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

1 Študijné zvesti

2 Mester Z.

1 Patou-Mathis M.

1 2021

1 2016

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WHAT ABOUT THE SZELETIAN LEAF POINT AS A FOSSILE DIRECTEUR?

Nouvelle interprétation des occupations néanderthaliennes de la grotte Subalyuk (Hongrie du Nord)