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Toposy "młodość" - "starość" w literaturze parenetycznej doby staropolskiej

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Pierzgalska M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2005
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vol. 07
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issue 1
EN
The work presents topoi, which was emerged as a result of analysis of 16th century works, propagating personal patterns and formulating advisable recommendation. In the dissertation the author worked on estimating the generation borders and division into types according to age criterion that had been conducted in antiquity. Also, it was tried to interprete a part of Epistula ad Pisones by Horacy, a few philosophical treatises by Ciceron: "Cato maior de senectute" and "De oficiis", as well as some passages from "Moriae encomium" by Erazm from Rotterdam. The constant semantic-logical constructions were appointed as a result of research reconnajsance in the 16th century Polish literature. The sems about young and old age were being looked for in works: "Żywot człowieka poczciwego" by M. Rej, "Dworzanin polski" by Ł. Górnicki, O poprawie Rzeczypospolitej by A. Frycz Modrzewski and other pedagogical, renaissance works. From parenetic literature works it was able to appoint topoi of “irrational young age” and “wise old age” and their opposite variants. From the analysis concerning educational hints it was also emerged the outline o f a qualitative topos “a boy like an old man” . What is more the author appointed contracts to topos “young age” - “old age” formal-contextual forms. In some works it is easy to observe the contamination of topos “ irrational old age” with a topos “the life as a sailing” as well as crossing of topoi “young age” - “old age” with the conception “the biological wheel of life.” In the dissertation linguistic-stylistic, the realization of these works were taken into consideration. They are wery often based on a listing rule. In the 16th century parenetic works there are also topoi with the comparison or allegory form.
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Zwierzę jako problem myśli antropologicznej. (Księga Psalmów i Księga Przysłów w Biblii Jakuba Wujka)

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Pierzgalska M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2006
|
vol. 08
EN
This article points to stylistic and cognitive function of animals in two educational books of the Old Testament. This work illustrates great deals of symbols, metaphors, comparisons and animal allegory presented in the Book of Psalms and The Book of Proverbs in Jakub Wujek translation. The research is based on the Bible edition from 1599. A human being, when describing himself, appeals to external reality. In the world of faun he looks for some parallels with his experience, and finds similarities with physical feelings. He perceives animals as similar creatures. They let him describe and define himself. He also can mention something invisible, transcendental and show the sphere of spirit, the light of God and extraterrestrial power. Animal images presented in the Book of Psalms and Book of Proverbs can be classified using subject criterion. Animals’ life is used to show a human being. Predators attacking their victims symbolize enemies waiting for a human soul. Sometimes they point at real danger for the whole nation. Animals can also act as human power and weakness. Due to them it is possible to describe people’s behaviour, emotions and features. What is more, they build spiritual world and present higher values. In two analyzed books from the Old Testament we find two different phenomena: symbolic polysemic (one symbol operates a lot of meanings) and symbolic synonymic (a few animalistic symbols help to express the same idea). The first phenomenon is presented by a lion and a horn, the second one by a lion, dog, bull, bees and unicorn. These animals represent villains who threaten spiritual human life. Animals appearing in the Boom of Psalms and Book of Proverbs constitute goodness or evil, spirit or matter, sphere light or darkness.
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