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NOWY ATEIZM I JEGO WRÓG

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[The popularity of New Atheism in the market of ideas in the last decade is unprecedented. This informal movement introduced radical atheism into the mainstream of public considerations and created a massive resentment amongst philosophers and theologians. Many critiques come predictably from conservative groups, which makes them conventional. But lately also the left-wing thinkers began to turn to religion and its emancipation potential. One of the prominent left-wing thinkers, Terry Eagleton, proposed a wholesale critique of New Atheism in his Reason, Faith, and Revolution. Reflections on the God Debate (2009). What I’m trying to do in this paper is to critically compare his animosity towards New Atheism with his positive project of rehabilitation of an orthodox Christianity, the latter being a means towards realizing Eagleton’s political agenda. This agenda is, I presume, based on theological if not metaphysical notions and sentiments.]
EN
In the paper I try to present what I termed epistheology in its relation to basic concepts of theory of knowledge: the knowledge itself, its unity and systemic character, criteria of truth and selfevidence, and the questions of justification (of knowledge and criteria of knowledge both) and ethical ideal of knowledge as the contemplation of God's design. Epistheology is thus an epistemic discourse based on and warranted by theological concepts. I analyze Descartes, Malebranche, Leibniz and the like to demonstrate the way this discourse operates. In the second part of the paper I sketch the British approach: empirical, secular, and most importantly based on the concept of verisimilitude. Humean philosophy is in this way not only seen as antagonistic to its continental predecessors, but also victorious as a foundation of new and fertile paradigm of secular science.
PL
Numer został przygotowany przy wsparciu Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (1222/P-DUN/2015).
EN
The paper aims to analyze the concept of habit in Hume and its operations in two theoretical dimensions: theory of knowledge and theory of religion. Hume considers habit as an instinctual basis for all judgments (beliefs) about the external world and also about the supposed existence of the supernatural. Hume’s thought, both in the domain of epistemology and philosophy of religion can thus be viewed as naturalized, claiming that the biological, instinctual traits of human nature are responsible for our beliefforming operations. Especially, Hume’s naturalization of religion seems to be ahead of its time and his methodological approach is now being developed by many leading anthropologists, biologists and philosophers.
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New Atheism and Secularism

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The paper attempts to analyze the theoretical conditions of the possible conflict between the New Atheism and modern secular liberal democracies. After short presentation of a few main components of neoatheistic thinking I concentrate on the notion of secularism as proposed by Charles Taylor. I conclude that by identifying the religion as “the root of all evil” the New Atheists are revealing the unjustifiable lack of judgment, as their aggressive antireligious stance generates rather crises and conflicts than social harmony.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą analizy teoretycznych warunków możliwego konfliktu między nowym ateizmem a współczesnymi liberalnymi, świeckimi demokracjami. Po krótkiej prezentacji kilku głównych składników myślenia neoateistycznego koncentruję się na pojęciu sekularyzmu w wersji zaproponowanej przez Charlesa Taylora. Dochodzę do wniosku, że nowi ateiści, utożsamiając religię ze „źródłem wszelkiego zła”, wykazują się brakiem rozwagi, ponieważ ich agresywna, antyreligijna postawa generuje raczej kryzysy i konflikty niż społeczną harmonię.
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Pochwała eklektyzmu

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Wybór tekstów zamieszczonych w numerze 30 Internetowego Czasopism Filozoficznego HYBRIS, stanowi pokłosie jubileuszowego, X Zlotu Filozoficznego, który odbył się w Warszawie w dniach 3-5 lipca 2014.
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