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Modifikovaná substantivní fráze jako komponent textové výstavby v angličtině a češtině

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Dušková L.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2012
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vol. 94
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issue 1
1-18
EN
The paper examines modified noun phrases with respect to the relations between their FSP structure, realization form and textual role. All four FSP structures are dealt with. The configuration with both context-independent components, represented by book titles, shows as the prevalent pattern the modifier in pre-position, which reflects the basic order of adjectivenoun in both languages. In this arrangement the rhematic component, the modifier, precedes the thematic head noun. Within the body of the text, recurrent noun phrases whose modifiers have two realization forms show a tendency to a shift from postmodification at the first occurrence to premodification at further occurrences, thus signalling the context-dependence of the whole noun phrase. The configuration of context-independent modifier and contextdependent head is found where the head noun denotes a textual theme or subtheme, which occurs either with new modifiers or with modifiers disengaged from context-dependence by one of the context-disengaging factors. Here Czech has a specific means, due to its free word order, the postposition of adjectives. Similarly in the case of context-dependent modifier and context-independent head recurrent modifiers are found where they refer to textual themes or subthemes. The influence of the FSP functions of the NP’s components on the realization form of the modifier appears to be only one of the factors involved, the others being the existence of two semantically equivalent realization forms, the basic order adjective – noun, the tendency of academic texts to condensed forms of expression, functional style and possibly others.
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Konstantnost syntaktické funkce mezi jazyky

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Dušková L.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2005
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vol. 66
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issue 4
243-260
EN
This article presents the findings of a detailed inquiry into syntactic constancy between English and Czech; the clause elements under discussion include the subject, object, adverbial and subject complement. The project assumes the general validity of the principle of end focus (basic distribution of communicative dynamism) as a superordinate factor with respect to syntactic structure. Since the primary word order principle differs in English (grammatical function) and Czech (functional sentence perspective or FSP), the presentation of identical content in the same linear order may involve a different syntactic structure. These assumptions are tested by comparing parallel texts. Instances of divergent syntactic structure are collected and analyzed against the background of identical syntactic renderings which provide the constancy measure. Clause elements are considered with respect to syntactic function, including the formal indicators thereof, sentence position, and the FSP function. The role of FSP as a factor of syntactic divergence has largely been confirmed especially where the divergence involves the subject. In the case of postverbal elements, motivating factors were primarily found in different verb valency and the more nominal character of English. These two factors play a role in the English-Czech translation direction, besides greater compliance of syntactic with semantic structure.
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