The publication aim is to familiarize the concept of education for culture and report how it is understood among cultural animators and educators in the Podlasie region, Poland. The article presents academic definitions of education for culture, similarities and differences between this concept and other terms, such as cultural education, intercultural education and multicultural education. Furthermore, it presents the ways of defining the concept of education for culture by people involved in the cultural activities in Podlasie region. Comparison of these perspectives shows the specifics of local cultural animators and educators – their ideas, aspirations and problems. Apparently, their definitions are varied by the type of institution they represent, still, the most common way of defining education for culture is conservative, close to the definition of cultural education.
The main subject of this article is the condition of artificial languagesin contemporary social media. An analysis of the available statistics of YouTube, Wikipedia and Facebook shows the unwavering position of Esperanto as the most common artificial language. Other artificial languages, primarily auxiliary languages created in the 19th and 20th centuries, such as volapük, ido, novial, interlingua, interlingue, find their niches in social media, but their presence seems to be supported by very narrow groups of enthusiasts. Contemporary artificial language projects, such as lojban or toki pona are in a similar position. Although Internet is the natural environment for their development, they have not managed to gain wider popularity among users. Certainly, artistic languages embedded in well-known popular culture texts find a great resonance among the internauts, as shows the examples of Klingon and Sindarin languages mentioned in the article.
Crowdfunding is a form of funding projects (business, scientific, social, artistic, etc.) based on small but numerous payments, collected mainly through Internet communities. The article presents the current state of interest in this form of public art funding, both in Poland, and abroad. The analysis of crowdfunding websites shows several features of this mechanism used for public art funding. It encourages artists to engage in more active participation on the Internet, especially on social networks’ level, which is particularly important in the all-or-nothing financing system. Crowdfunding also encourages people to be more active citizens, as financial support for specific projects in the field of public art is not only an endorsement, but also a real act of participation in the processes of creation of public space. On the other hand, crowdfunding has very limited ability to control and influence the artistic and social value of projects. Reliance on the “wisdom of the crowd” may therefore lead to the promotion of mediocre initiatives, neither presenting a high aesthetic value, nor bonded to the space in which they are to be found. There are also other risks associated with crowdfunding of public art, such as the risk of rollover of such initiatives from public institutions (e.g. local governments) solely on the shoulders of citizens, or the lack of intellectual property protection.
Since the Internet is currently a vital medium of exchanging information and opinion about the past for young people, it can be said that the web significantly develops collective memory. The article presents characteristic forms and threads of the Internet communication concerning the film Miasto 44 (Warsaw 44) (2014) directed by Jan Komasa. Miasto 44 is one of the greatest Polish film productions of recent years and the film is mainly addressed at younger audience, which is potentially a new point of reference for them to commemorate the Warsaw Uprising. The article focuses on a general presentation of the Internet users’ activity connected with the film and attempts to describe in detail the demography of those interested in the film while carrying out a more profound analysis of the websites devoted to this production on Facebook. The article draws attention to the consequences of typical forms of communication in social media with regard to the shape of collective memory. It compares official and unofficial profiles of the film indicating an essential role of the competence and intentions of websites administrators for the nature of this communication. Moreover, the article quotes the most important and characteristic threads of the Internet communication about Miasto 44.
RU
Сегодня интернет для молодых людей является средством для обмена информацией и для высказывания на тему прошедших событий. На основании әтого можем утверждать, что мировая сеть должным образом формирует общенародную память. Данная статья указывает на характер и формы интернет-коммуникации, касающихся фильма Город 44 (2014), режиссером которого является Ян Комаса. Город 44 – одна из наиболее значимых польских кинопродукций последних лет. Фильм адресован, прежде всего, молодым зрителям и представляет собой новую точку отсчета в воспоминаниях о варшавском восстании. В статье говорится об активности пользователей интернетом, касающейся фильма. Автор пробует определить демографию пользователей, заинтересованных фильмом, и более точно анализирует сайты, посвященные әтой кинопродукции, на Facebook. Автор также обращает внимание на то, как влияют типичные формы общения на сайтах на формирование общенародной памяти. Он сравнивает официальные и неофициальные профили о фильме, указывая на важную роль компетенции и намерений администраторов сайтов в формировании характера информации. В статье указаны самые важные и наиболее характерные черты интернет-коммуникации на тему Город 44.
The paper presents selected results of a research of cultural events and cultural participation in Białystok, which refer to the concept of multiculturalism. By analyzing parts of focus group interviews, a selection of offers concerning cultural activities, and the cultural calendar, the authors attempt to show various approaches to understanding of what multiculturalism is, as exhibited by participants, organizers and creators of culture.
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