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1

Korespondencja Ignacio Bolivara z przyrodnikami Warszawskiego Gabinetu Zoologicznego – listy Władysława Taczanowskiego, Ludwika Dembowskiego i Ludwika Młokosiewicza w zbiorach Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales w Madrycie

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2020
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vol. 65
|
issue 1
103–115
EN
Ignacio Bolivar, one of the most prominent entomologists of the 19th and 20th centuries, the Director of the National Museum of Natural History in Madrid, corresponded with naturalists associated with the Zoological Cabinet in Warsaw. The collection of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales contains the letters of Władysław Taczanowski, Ludwik Dembowski, and Ludwik Młokosiewicz. Bolivar determined orthoptera sent by Konstanty Jelski and Jan Sztolcman from South America and by Ludwik Młokosiewicz from the Caucasus. At Taczanowski’s request, he sent to Warsaw the specimens of beetles and butterflies from Spain, the Iberian woodpecker and the African hymenoptera, determined by Oktawiusz Radoszkowski. Młokosiewicz’s letters concern specimens of insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals sent from Georgia to Madrid as well as preparations of the Bolivar expedition to the Caucasus. Letters of Polish naturalists to Bolivar are important documents of the history of the Zoological Cabinet in Warsaw and European natural history collections in the 19th century.
2

Jean Emmanuel Gilibert (1741-1814) – życie i praca w świetle korespondencji i świadectw z epoki

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2015
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vol. 60
|
issue 1
117–132
EN
J.E. Gilibert – his life and work in the light of a correspondence and testimonies of his time
3

L’analyse du texte de Władysław Rydzewski sur la soviétisation de la biologie au début de la période du communisme en Pologne

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Organon
|
2016
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vol. 48
157-159
EN
In 1952 Kultura the magazine of emigrants in Paris, published a series of articles on the Sovietization of Polish culture. Władysław Rydzewski, before the war an eminent zoologist then resistant during the occupation, lived after war in exile in London. He published in Kultura a detailed analysis of the situation of Polish biology. The ideological offensive of the communists, the imposition of the new Soviet biology with Lyssenkoism and the liquidation of learned societies and the autonomy of scientific institutions in Poland are the subjects of Rydzewski’s publication. This analysis is undoubtedly one of the most important testimonies concerning the history of biology during the Soviet occupation of Poland.
4

Warszawski Gabinet Zoologiczny w korespondencji Armanda Davida (1826–1900) – nieznane listy Władysława Taczanowskiego (1819–1890), Konstantego Branickiego (1824–1884) i Charlesa Oberthüra (1845–1924)

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 2
129–147
EN
Armand David, a Lazarist missionary, was one of the most important French naturalists of the second half of the 19th century. He spent more than 10 years in China, Tibet and Mongolia. He made an extensive contribution to the development of knowledge of the fauna, flora and geology of Asia. He also discoved and introduced the Giant panda, the Chinese giant salamander, and Father David’s deer to natural history collections in Europe. Father David was the collaborator and friend of W. Taczanowski, K. Branicki and A. Waga – naturalists of the Zoological Cabinet of Warsaw. The author of the present article found, in the Lazarist Congregation archives of Paris, several letters in relation with the zoological collection of Warsaw. Foundings also include letters about different explorations of Polish scientists exiled in Siberia. B. Dybowski’s research on the fauna of Central and Eastern Siberia shall be understood as completing A. David’s research in China. A part of this correspondence is about Charles and René Oberthür’s study on insects from Siberia and Peru (collections gathered by J. Sztolcman and K. Jelski). It is also about Taczanowski’s edition of The Ornithology of Peru and The Birds of Eastern Siberia. Therefore, this correspondence brings new important information to the history of the Zoological Cabinet in Warsaw, but also to the history of faunistical research of Asia and South America.
5
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Listy Jana Stefana Ligęzy Kurdwanowskiego (1680–1780) i Józefa Andrzeja Załuskiego (1702–1774) do Pierra Louis Moreau de Maupertuisa (1698–1758) w zbiorach francuskiej Akademii Nauk

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2016
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vol. 25
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issue 1(48)
63-69
EN
Archives of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris preserve a rich collection of documents of Maupertuis, his correspondence with foreigners, mainly from the time when he was the President of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Among these documents, we fi nd two letters written by Polish scientists – Kurdwanowski and Załuski – unknown to the historians of science until today. After analysis of their content, it was concluded that they are very interesting for the history of Polish science of the 18th century. The letters concern admission of those Polish scientists to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Berlin, chaired by Maupertuis and they reveal new biographical data on Załuski and Kurwanowski. They also include interesting facts about the 18th century scientifi c associations in Europe. They confi rm the thesis about particularly important role of the court of Stanisław Leszczyński as a centre of the 18th-century culture and science. Moreover, they give valuable evidence of the fate of the Poles, who, along with Leszczyński, found themselves in exile in Lorraine.
6
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ZOOLOGICZNE PRACE IGNACEGO MIELŻYŃSKIEGO (1801–1831) – PRZYCZYNEK DO BIOGRAMU

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2017
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vol. 26
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issue 1(50)
45-53
EN
In 1823, Ignacy Mielżyński presented to the Society of Physics and Natural History of Geneva a memoir with a description of larvae of a beetle parasitizing snails. This discovery was at the origin of an important scientific discussion of naturalists in Geneva and Paris about parasitism but also taxonomic problems related to the morphological dimorphism of various sexes and life stages of insects. This memoir was the only zoological work of Mielżyński. It was published because his first work – on gastropod molluscs – also presented in Geneva, is still in manuscript and as a single copy is kept at Biblioteka Kórnicka in Poland. The young naturalist returned to his country to take part in the November Uprising. He was killed in the fight with the Russian army. The article analyses the two zoological works of Mielżyński and presents the biography of this naturalist.
7

Les professeurs du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle et la Société des Amis des Sciences de Varsovie (1800–1832)

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Daszkiewicz P.
Organon
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2015
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vol. 47
97-109
EN
The National Museum of Natural History played a crucial role in the formation of Polish scientific elites in the 19th century. Many Polish students were attending in Paris natural history, botany, zoology, chemistry and mineralogy courses. The Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning was the largest scientific society and one of the most important scientific institutions in Poland. It had also an impact on the political and cultural life of the country, occupied and deprived of freedom at that time. Amongst its founders and members, could be found listeners to the lectures of Lamarck, Haüy, Vauquelin, Desfontaines, Jussieu. Moreover, seven professors of the National Museum of Natural History were elected foreign members of the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning: Cuvier, Desfontaines, Haüy, Jussieu, Latreille, Mirbel, Vauquelin. The article analyses this choice and underlines the relationship between these scientists and Warsaw’s scientists. The results of this research allow to confirm that the National Museum of Natural History was the most important foreign institution in the 19th century for Polish science, and more specifically natural sciences.
8

Adam Ferdynand Adamowicz (1802–1881) i Francuskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2018
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vol. 63
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issue 4
117–121
EN
A.F. Adamowicz, a veterinarian, botanist and science historian, became in 1866 a member of the SBF. This article presents the circumstances of his first and second travel to France. Written for the SBF Adamowicz’s Histoire de la Botanique en Lituanie was annotated and translated into Polish. The relationship of Adamowicz with the SBF and France has been analysed in regard to the context of liquidation of scientific institutions by the Russians in the occupied city of Vilnius.
9

Hommage d’exil à Władysław Taczanowski (1819–1890)

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Daszkiewicz P.
Organon
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2017
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vol. 49
29-31
EN
The article presents a text by Arthur Pierre Stępiński (1829–1900) published on the occasion of the death of Władysław Taczanowski, an eminent zoologist and director of the Warsaw Zoological Cabinet. This text was published in Paris in Bulletin Polonais Littéraire, Scientifique et Artis- tique. It reveals a profound knowledge of the works of Władysław Taczanowski as well as a good under- standing of the situation of Polish science in Warsaw during the Russian occupation. The author rightly emphasises the importance of the patronage of Alek- sander and Konstanty Branicki, that of the networks of scientific collaborators of the Warsaw Cabinet, and the success of his Ornithologie du Pérou. We believe that recalling the existence and content of this text is all the more important as there is at present no biography of Władysław Taczanowski. It is also an opportunity to recall the activities of the Polish scientific institutions in exile.
10

Paryskie ślady przyrodniczych badań Kaukazu Ludwika Młokosiewicza (1831–1909)

100%
Daszkiewicz P.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 3
75–79
EN
Ludwik Młokosiewicz was a collaborator of the Zoological Cabinet of Warsaw and an explorer of the Caucasian nature. The Caucasian specimens he collected can be found in several naturalist collections all over Europe. The author undertook the research of Młokosiewicz’s traces in Paris for two reasons: firstly, because of the relationship between the National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) and the Zoological Cabinet of Warsaw; secondly, because of Ludwik Młokosiewicz’s visit in Paris in 1875. Besides the specimens in the collection of the MNHN (which include the holotype of the Caucasian salamander), the author found only one letter from Ludwik Młokosiewicz to Jerzy Wandalin Mniszech. The subject of this letter is the trade of beetles and the project of an expedition to Georgia and Armenia.
11
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Żubry i Puszcza Białowieska we francuskim piśmie popularnonaukowym La Nature

63%
Daszkiewicz P., Samojlik T.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2018
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vol. 27
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issue 1(52)
117-123
EN
In 1873, Gaston Tissandier (1843-1899) founded the journal La Nature- Revue des sciences et de leurs applications aux arts et à l’industrie, which for one century was one of the most important scientific popularization magazines in Europe. We analyzed articles from this journal with the subject of European bison and Białowieża Forest. These articles contain interesting information, particularly for the history of biology. They allow to assess the knowledge about European bison during the last years of the existence of populations in Białowieża Forest and in Causasus mountains, as well as at the beginning of bison reintroduction process in 1920s. Despite the journal’s popular science approach, these articles are original and often reference little-known sources. Among the authors we fi nd renowned biologists and scientifi c journalists but also people related to the Tsar’s forest administration. The articles published by La Nature allow to identify and analyze several topics of natural sciences such as interspecific hybridization, acclimatization, «regeneration of the blood», the analogies between the European bison and the American bison. It is also an interesting testimony of the beginning of modern species and habitats conservation. If allows to retrace the epoch’s thoughts about the reasons behind the disappearance of species and design of the reconstruction of European bison population.
12

Avant–propos au rapport de Stanisław Feliksiak

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Daszkiewicz P., Iwan (MiIZ PAN) D.
Organon
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2016
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vol. 48
143-149
EN
The article presents a report written in 1952 by Stani- sław Feliksiak on the losses caused by the Second World War, both through pillaging and theft of collections of the National Zoological Museum by the Germans as well as by the fire fol- lowing the surrender of the insurgents in 1944. It gives reasons for publishing the typescript (see Organon 48, 2016, pp. 151–156).
13
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Straty wojenne Państwowego Muzeum Zoologicznego - raport Stanisława Feliksiaka (1906-1992) [dokument]

63%
Daszkiewicz P., Iwan D.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
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2016
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issue 27
431-439
14

Co wiemy o Muzeum Branickich? Listy Jana Sztolcmana do Benedykta Dybowskiego ze zbiorów poznańskiego oddziału Archiwum PAN – interesujący przyczynek dla historii zbiorów przyrodniczych w Polsce

63%
Daszkiewicz P., Iwan D.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2020
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vol. 65
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issue 2
77–87
EN
In 1887 Ksawery Branicki founded a zoological museum. The private institution was to protect Warsaw’s natural collections against possible confiscation by the Russian authorities during anti-Polish repressions. The museum existed for 32 years until it was passed to the Polish nation in 1919, and the National Museum of Natural History was created. Jan Sztolcman managed the Branicki Museum throughout its entire existence. This museum was one of the most important zoological collections in Europe, especially famous for its rich ornithological collections from South America and Asia. The article analyses available, today very fragmented, sources of knowledge about the history of the Branicki Museum, and also presents the hitherto unknown correspondence of Jan Sztolcman with Benedykt Dybowski on the exchange of specimens between the Branicki Museum and the Museum of the University of Lwow.
15
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Nieznane molierianum warszawskie z początku lat sześćdziesiątych XVIII wieku

63%
Daszkiewicz P., Judkowiak B.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
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2014
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vol. 63
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issue 4(252)
45-55
EN
We are presenting a new source documenting the theatre life in Warsaw at the beginning of the 1760s outside the Saxon Operalnia. In the French Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, among the papers of Jean-Étienne Guettard (1715-1786), a natural scientist and geologist who was in Poland in 1760-1762 (accompanying Marquis de Paulmy Antoine-René Voyer de’Argenson who served as French ambassador to the Polish court of King Augustus III), there is a Polish-German theatre poster. The lower part of the poster, written in German and printed in finer letters, is a little more detailed and edited with more care than the Polish counterpart, and thus, may be viewed as the primary version. A stage artist styling himself as a “well known English funambulist” had probably come to the capital of Poland via one of the usual tracts journeyed by the so-called traveling troupes of English comedians that were going East through German countries. His last name, spelled as “Berge” (Berże), suggests an actor and entrepreneur known as André Bergé. A little later, in 1765, he was leasing a theatre house on Monbijou Square in Berlin. Using the German version of his name, Andreas, this former member of a French theatre troupe that cultivated comical opera in the capital of Prussia, produced a series of singspiels. The Warsaw show announced by the presented poster was to be performed at the riding hall by the Załuskich Palace on Długa Street and featured two titles: Doktor przymuszony albo przez kochanie zaniemówiona białogłowa and Imaginacja choroby, split by an acrobatic show by Mr and Mrs “Berże” (Bergé). The German title of the latter comedic piece, advertised as a “brand new English pantomime”, is consistent with how Molière’s Le malade imaginaire was traditionally translated. In the case of the former comedy, traces seem to lead to English adaptations as well: Le médecin malgré lui by Molière was translated into English thrice at the beginning of the 18th century: by John Otello, John Watt, and Henry Fielding. An adaptation Doctor or the Dumb Lady Cur’d by the last of the authors was played at the royal theatre on Drury Lane (prem. 23 June 1732). The present work-in-progress paper discussing the Parisian discovery made by Piotr Daszkiewicz encourages further and more detailed research.
16

Dzikie ssaki Wielkiego księstwa Litewskiego w pracach Jeana-Emmanuela Giliberta

63%
Samojlik T., Daszkiewicz P.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2015
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vol. 60
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issue 1
151–163
EN
Among the many topics of lively scientific work that Jean Emmanuel Gilibert (1741-1814) conducted in Grodno and Vilnius, an important place is occupied by his observations of wild mammals. Royal patronage and care from Antoni Tyzenhauz, Treasurer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the governor of Grodno, allowed Gilibert to keep and observe wild fauna captured by royal services in royal forests, including Białowieża Primeval Forest. Such was an origin of a female bison kept by Gilibert in Grodno. Its description, published in Indagatores naturae in Lithuania (Vilnius 1781) for decades became the primary source of information about the behaviour, food preferences and the anatomy of European bison. European science has just begun to take interest in European bison, therefore Gilibert’s account entered scientific circulation by way of French natural history encyclopaedias (mainly Georges Buffon’s Histoire naturelle) and works by Georges Cuvier or Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Apart from the description of European bison, Gilibert left an entire series of observations of wild mammals inhabiting the forests of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. His accounts of moose were important in building a knowledge base for this species. In the first half of the 18th century, moose was known mainly from fantastic descriptions in Renaissance works and from prescriptions devoted to using moose hoof as the epilepsy treatment. Gilibert’s observations helped to overthrow such superstitions. Similarly, Gilibert’s first-hand information verified the widespread legends concerning brown bear (e.g. the belief that white bears, belonging to other species than polar bears, occur in Lithuania) . List of species kept and thoroughly watched by the scholar is much longer and includes lynx, wolf (and hybrids of wolves and dogs), beaver, badger, fox, hedgehog, and even white mouse. Also his comments on the species of mammals then absent in Lithuania but known either from farming or from the fur trade (wolverine, bobak marmot or steppe polecat). Also in these cases, Gilibert’s descriptions were often the first reliable information that entered the circulation in European science. His accounts were not free of errors and mistakes - but they resulted mainly from the pioneering role of his work. Some of his breeding experiments can arouse the reader’s sincere smile today, such as an attempt to feed a beaver with fish or serve cooked beans to a lynx In the margins of his mammal observations, Gilibert described also the place of their occurrence, extensive forests of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Read from the contemporary perspective, his thoughts are surprisingly relevant. In his praise of “primeval nature, free from human actions and not disturbed by accident or by the impatience of human desires” he sounds very similar to today’s eulogists of the primeval forest of Białowieża.
17

Koncepcja organizacji pracy w instytucji naukowej – ankiety i opracowania z okresu okupacji (1941–1942) w Państwowym Muzeum Zoologicznym w Warszawie

63%
Iwan D., Daszkiewicz P.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2021
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vol. 66
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issue 3
51–59
EN
During the Second World War, the State Zoological Museum in Warsaw (PMZ) suffered severe losses. Many workers were killed, and parts of the zoological and book collections were stolen by the Germans as early as 1939. The Museum became an important centre of the resistance movement, as it became a storage for weapons, explosives, and chemicals used for sabotage. Despite the repressions, the Museum employees tried to continue their work under the occupation and developed a modern model for the functioning of this institution to be implemented after the war. In the archives of the Museum and Institute of Zoology, a folder was found containing the documentation of the surveys conducted in 1941–1942 on the organisation of work and the future structure of the PMZ. This article presents the first analysis of these documents, which turned out to be a valuable source of information on the functioning of scientific institutions during the occupation, as well as on the history of the PMZ itself.
18

Listy Władysława Taczanowskiego do Aleksandra Straucha w zbiorach Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk – interesujący przyczynek historii zoologii w XIX wieku

63%
Daszkiewicz P., Mierzwa-Szymkowiak D.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2021
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vol. 66
|
issue 1
161–186
EN
The article presents the Polish translation and analysis of the letters from Władysław Taczanowski (1819–1890) to Aleksander Strauch (1832–1893). The correspondence is stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg and comprises 29 letters written between 1870 and 1889. The main theme of these letters is specimens of reptiles and amphibians sent to Warsaw by Polish naturalists, such as Benedykt Dybowski from Siberia, Konstanty Jelski from French Guiana and Peru, Jan Kalinowski from Korea, as well as specimens brought by Taczanowski from Algeria. Strauch determined the species and used them in his publications. This correspondence is also a valuable testimony of the exchange of specimens between the Warsaw Zoological Cabinet and the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. In return for herpetological specimens, the Warsaw collection received numerous fish specimens from the Russian Empire and a collection of birds from Mikołaj Przewalski’s expedition to Central Asia. The content of the letters allows a better understanding of the functioning of natural history museography but also the organization of shipments, preparation, determination, and exchange of specimens. They are a valuable document of the history of nineteenth-century scientific museography.
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Puszcza Białowieska i żubr w publikacjach „Łowca Polskiego” w latach 1899—1939

51%
Daszkiewicz P., Samojlik T., Ričkienė A., Fedotova A.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2018
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vol. 27
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issue 2(53)
139—171
XX
The article, based on a detailed query in the archival issues of the “Łowiec Polski” magazine from 1899 to 1939, shows the perception of the bison and Białowieża Primeval Forest among the authors and readers of this periodical. The founder and first editor-in-chief of the magazine was Jan Sztolcman, a naturalist best known for his crucial role in saving the European bison. Among the collaborators of the magazine were the best naturalists of that period, so the subject matter undertaken in its papers was much broader than just strictly hunting. This article discusses issues related to the Białowieża Primeval Forest and its most valuable inhabitant — European bison — presented in the journal from the perspective of nature protection, old hunting traditions, the search for the last free-living European bison in Białowieża Primeval Forest, European bison breeding in Pszczyna, international efforts to rescue European bison, monographs about the species published in the interwar period, issues of European and American bison hybridization, and finally, the return of European bison to Białowieża Primeval Forest. The journal was for the first time examined from the point of view of the history of natural sciences. Analysis of the content of the journal, often unpublished elsewhere, makes “Łowiec Polski” one of the most important sources of information about the European bison and the Białowieża Primeval Forest during this period.
20
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LIST MARIANNY SUMIŃSKIEJ (OK. 1790–1811) DO JEANA-CHARLES’A JOSEPHA LAUMONDA (1753–1825) – INTERESUJĄCY PRZYCZYNEK DO BIOGRAFII PIERRE’A LOUIS’A PHILIPPA CORDIERA (1777–1861) I HISTORII FRANCUSKICH NAUK PRZYRODNICZYCH

51%
Daszkiewicz P., Chiappero P.-J., Domański C.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2017
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vol. 26
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issue 2(51)
11-20
EN
The article presents and analyses the letter of Maria Sumińska, a young Polish aristocrat in Paris to Jean-Charles Joseph Laumond, a high official of the Empire and chief director of mines. It is preserved in the Cordier’s geological collection at the National Museum of Natural History of Paris. The letter is a very personal request for a promotion and a position of branch mine inspector for Sumińska’s beloved Cordier. The young woman begs Laumond, explaining that her mother refuses her permission to marry him and that this promotion will change the situation. The article presents the context of this letter and the involvement of various persons, including Ksawery Działyński (1756– 1819), member of the government of the Duchy of Warsaw and Louis-Alexandre Berthier (1753–1815), <> and Marshal of France. This history is analysed from the point of view of Cordier’s biography, one of the most eminent geologists of the time, as well as in the context of the functioning of the Napoleonic institutions. Research on the life of Maria Sumińska, who died, probably by suicide, a few months after the letter had been written, was also conducted. The article presents its results based on the archives of the National Museum of Natural History, the Institut de France, the Archives of the City of Paris and the Police Prefecture.
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