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EN
The author of the fourth Gospel, as opposed to synoptics, places in the description of the Passion a scene showing a soldier who pierces with a spear the side of Jesus from which blood and water is flowing (Jn 19,34). Sometimes 1Jn 5,6-8 is regarded as an indirect, parallel text. Blood and water have had a great significance since ancient times. The Biblical World has also attributed to them a number of meanings, both positive and negative. In the positive sense Fathers of the Church read the symbolism of blood and water coming out of the side of Jesus from the early centuries of Christianity. They were also followed by contemporary Bible researchers searching here, among others, a symbol of sacraments, salvation, the birth of Church, and – in contrast with misbelievers – the real humanity of Jesus. The common feature of all these attempts to interpret this scene is Jesus’ love to the Church and everyone.
PL
The parable of the fishnet is one of the many Jesus’ parables which takes the subject of Kingdom of God. Here it is compared to the fishnet which gathers all the fish without distinction of their abilities. As Jesus already initiated Kingdom of God here, on earth, opening it for all with no exception. Staying in the net reflects exactly the earthly phase of Kingdom connected closely with the Church; it is the time when one can convert. As only the net will be brought out on shore, then angels will perform a division for the good and the evil. The selection will be made on the Last Judgment Day before coming the final phase of Kingdom of God. Thus the parable of the fishnet consists of some aspects of Kingdom of God: eschatological, ethical and ecclesial, which pervade themselves and create a holistic image of Kingdom – from the one started by Jesus on earth until the moment of reaching by them the completeness at the end of times.
PL
The purpose of this study is to show in one of Luke’s christophany the symbolism of Christian life, the process – the way on which a man gradually comes to a true knowledge of the Risen Lord, especially through the sacraments and the word of God. At various stages of the way of two disciples, accompanied by the Risen Jesus, the maturation of the true faith of every Christian can be noticed. The culmination of this maturation is the Eucharist in which it is possible to know Jesus fully. Both the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist are essential elements of this knowledge. However, one cannot ignore the other sacraments, in particular the other sacraments of Christian initiation. The life with the sacraments and the word of God is the only way to deepen their faith and lead to an encounter with the Risen Lord, similarly to the way of the two disciples walking to Emmaus.
EN
The aim of this study is to present the dependence between wealth and death in the canonical and apocryphal Parable of the Rich Fool (Lk 12,16-21; EvThom 63). Both versions of the parable differ in some significant details. However, it can be assumed that the basic idea remains the same: putting too much trust in tangible goods, the temptation to recognize self-sufficiency and not reckoning with God in this life is foolishness (also in terms of the Old Testament) and condemns a man to a spiritual death. A man absorbed in all what is temporal does not also allow any thoughts about death to himself. Death, which will surprise him, will shut him the way to correct his life, to do at least one smallest good deed. Both discussed texts also underlines the instability of worldly goods and durability of spiritual goods. A warning may be read out of them to reckon with God’s will in our worldly plans as it is the base of life.
EN
The first part is an attempt to interpret and identify the Synagogue of the Freedmen mentioned in Acts of the Apostles. Many commentators agree that they probably were the descendants of Jews who were kidnapped to be enslaved by Pompeius in 63 BCE, and, after the return from Rome, built a synagogue in Jerusalem - just like other Jews from diaspora did. The second part deals with the inscription discovered in the years 1913–1914, which is regarded as a foundational inscription of the Synagogue of the Freedmen. There is no unanimity among the scholars with reference to this fact. But still, the inscription of Theodotos provides plenty of information on the functioning of synagogues existing in the first century in Jerusalem.
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EN
John Paul II devoted to Psalm 51 four of his catecheses referring to psalms and hymns from Liturgy of the Hours. The Holy Father indicated the main elements of the spirituality of the Psalm which should be manifested in the lives of the worshippers, especially the sense of sin. The Pope, following the biblical author, stressed the strong conviction about the possibility of conversion and God’s forgiveness that save the sinner and turns him into a new man. The profession of faith and the consciousness of one’s own imperfection arouse hope for purgation and God’s mercy.
EN
The Bible has been present in the film almost from the beginning of its existence. It quickly began to be used inappropriately in this medium, even resorting to manipulation. This study consists of two main parts. The first one introduces us to various ways of presenting the Bible in films, including non-Biblical ones. The second one presents, on the example of selected films, ways of manipulating the Bible.
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