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EN
The article concerns the office system of the Senate of the Free City of Krakow and other institutions functioning in this country in the years 1815–1846. Due to the lack of in-depth research as well as certain similarities in the structure of the preserved to this day archive groups of the Free City of Krakow and Galician institutions, e.g., magistrates, there is a widespread belief that they belong to the same Austrian model. This is evidenced by the coexistence of subject and chronological-number schemes in the documentation arrangement and, perhaps, a similar physical form of archival units. The influence of the Napoleonic period on the Krakow chancellery is omitted. This article draws attention to the fact that it was the system of offices of the Duchy of Warsaw that could have had a decisive influence on the office system of the Free City of Krakow.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy systemu kancelaryjnego Senatu Wolnego Miasta Krakowa i innych instytucji funkcjonujących w tym państwie w latach 1815–1846. Z powodu braku pogłębionych badań, a także pewnych podobieństw w strukturze zachowanych do dziś zespołów archiwalnych Wolnego Miasta Krakowa i instytucji galicyjskich, m.in. magistratów, powszechnie panuje przekonanie o ich przynależności do tego samego austriackiego modelu. Świadczyć ma o tym współwystępowanie schematów rzeczowego i chronologiczno-numerowego w układzie dokumentacji oraz – być może – zbliżona fizyczna forma jednostek archiwalnych. Pomija się przy tym wpływy okresu napoleońskiego na kancelarię krakowską. Niniejszy artykuł zwraca uwagę na to, że to właśnie ustrój urzędów doby Księstwa Warszawskiego mógł mieć decydujący wpływ na biurowość Wolnego Miasta Krakowa.
EN
The article concerns the legal grounds for the activity of five (not including the lazaret) hospitals in Toruń in the mid-17th century. The rules of 1665 how to manage this type of institution, preserved in the form of copies from the beginning of the 18th century, constitute the source base of the article and the edited appendix to it. The document is an amendment to the rules of 1570, which was necessary due to the war and the change in the economic situation in the city. It discusses the hierarchical system of hospital management such as the authority of provisors (Provisores), the hospital supervisors (Vorstehern), their director (Director des Vorsteher Amts) and lower rank personnel, as well as the manner of managing the property of the institution which included e.g. proceeds from confiscations, the lease of the hospital’s estates, fines, money collections, special rents and charges for the stay in hospital. The authors also addressed a very important category of proceeds such as foundations, bequests and legacies, which referred to the ideology of Christian mercy. The authors also touched upon the question of the rules of the execution of back rents from eases, which must have been a significant problem for hospital supervisors (Vorstehern) in the face of the social-economic situation in the second half of the 17th century. Thus, the problem was thoroughly discussed in the article. The conclusions from the analysis of the rules confirm Weber’s thesis about the beginnings of the spirit of capitalism. Hospitals in Protestant towns were to work in an economic way. Apart from looking after the sick and the poor, they were to generate profits, or at least to be financially self-sufficient.
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